{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T14:23:22Z","timestamp":1769264602923,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSFC","award":["42274214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42274214"]}]},{"name":"NSFC","award":["41904134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41904134"]}]},{"name":"NSFC","award":["42004051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42004051"]}]},{"name":"NSFC","award":["59236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["59236"]}]},{"name":"APSCO Earthquake Research Project Phase II","award":["42274214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42274214"]}]},{"name":"APSCO Earthquake Research Project Phase II","award":["41904134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41904134"]}]},{"name":"APSCO Earthquake Research Project Phase II","award":["42004051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42004051"]}]},{"name":"APSCO Earthquake Research Project Phase II","award":["59236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["59236"]}]},{"name":"Dragon 5 cooperation 2020\u20132024","award":["42274214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42274214"]}]},{"name":"Dragon 5 cooperation 2020\u20132024","award":["41904134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41904134"]}]},{"name":"Dragon 5 cooperation 2020\u20132024","award":["42004051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42004051"]}]},{"name":"Dragon 5 cooperation 2020\u20132024","award":["59236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["59236"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The CSES high precision magnetometer (HPM), consisting of two fluxgate magnetometers (FGM) and one coupled dark state magnetometer (CDSM), has worked successfully for more than 5 years providing continuous magnetic field measurements since the launch of the CSES in February 2018. After rechecking almost every year\u2019s data, it has become possible to make an improvement to the in-flight intrinsic calibration (to estimate offsets, scale values and non-orthogonality) and alignment (to estimate three Euler angles for the rotation between the orthogonalized sensor coordinates and the coordinate system of the star tracker) of the FGM. The following efforts have been made to achieve this goal: For the sensor calibration, FGM sensor temperature corrections on offsets and scale values have been taken into account to remove seasonal effects. Based on these results, Euler angles have been estimated along with global geomagnetic field modeling to improve the alignment of the FGM sensor. With this, a latitudinal effect in the east component of the originally calibrated data could be reduced. Furthermore, it has become possible to prolong the updating period of all calibration parameters from daily to 10 days, without the separation of dayside and nightside data. The new algorithms optimize routine HPM data processing efficiency and data quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15184578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T23:32:27Z","timestamp":1694993547000},"page":"4578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["An Improved In-Flight Calibration Scheme for CSES Magnetic Field Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"}]},{"given":"Zeren","family":"Zhima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"}]},{"given":"Xuhui","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0086-6288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Werner","family":"Magnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8042 Graz, Austria"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Pollinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8042 Graz, Austria"}]},{"given":"Hengxin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8524-3217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roland","family":"Lammegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"}]},{"given":"Yuanqing","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DFH Satellite Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Qiao","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gubbins, D., and Herrero-Bervera, E. (2007). Encyclopedia of Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-4423-6"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37-1","DOI":"10.1029\/2002GL015064","article-title":"A high-quality global gravity field model from CHAMP GPS tracking data and accelerometry (EIGEN-1S)","volume":"29","author":"Reigber","year":"2002","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03351933","article-title":"Swarm: A constellation to study the Earth\u2019s magnetic field","volume":"58","author":"Hulot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Earth Planets Space"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1007\/s11431-018-9242-0","article-title":"The state-of-the-art of the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite mission","volume":"61","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. China Technol. 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(1979). Robustness in Statistics, Academic Press."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/18\/4578\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:52:36Z","timestamp":1760129556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/18\/4578"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["rs15184578"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs15184578","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]]}}}