{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T20:30:41Z","timestamp":1787862641349,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","award":["41971387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41971387"]}]},{"name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","award":["2020JM-430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JM-430"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province, China","award":["41971387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41971387"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province, China","award":["2020JM-430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JM-430"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Investigating the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and its driving factors is essential for assessing atmospheric environmental quality and alleviating air pollution. Based on a 22-year high-resolution AOD dataset, the spatiotemporal variations of AOD in mainland China and ten national urban agglomerations were explored based on the Mann\u2013Kendall trend test and Theil\u2013Sen median method. Random forest (RF) and multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) were combined to identify the main driving factors of AOD in urban agglomerations and to reveal the spatial heterogeneity of influencing factors. The results showed that areas with high annual average AOD concentrations were mainly concentrated in the Chengdu\u2013Chongqing, Central Plains, Shandong Peninsula, and Middle Yangtze River urban agglomerations. Southern Beijing\u2013Tianjin\u2013Hebei and its surrounding areas revealed the highest AOD pollution during summer, whereas the worst pollution during the remaining three seasons occurred in the Chengdu\u2013Chongqing urban agglomeration. Temporally, except for the Ha-Chang and Mid-Southern Liaoning urban agglomerations, where the average annual AOD increased, the other urban agglomerations showed a decreasing trend. Among them, the Central Plains, Middle Yangtze River, Guanzhong Plain, and Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations all exhibited a decline greater than 20%. According to the spatial trends, most urban agglomerations encompassed much larger areas of decreasing AOD values than areas of increasing AOD values, indicating that the air quality in most areas has recently improved. RF analysis revealed that PM2.5 was the dominant factor in most urban clusters, followed by meteorological factors. MGWR results show that the influencing factors have different spatial scale effects on AOD in urban agglomerations. The socioeconomic factors and PM2.5 showed strong spatial non-stationarity with regard to the spatial distribution of AOD. This study can provide a comprehensive understanding of AOD differences among urban agglomerations, and it has important theoretical and practical implications for improving the ecological environment and promoting sustainable development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15184613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T01:32:50Z","timestamp":1695173570000},"page":"4613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Spatiotemporal Variations of Aerosol Optical Depth and the Spatial Heterogeneity Relationship of Potential Factors Based on the Multi-Scale Geographically Weighted Regression Model in Chinese National-Level Urban Agglomerations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0672-5197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Xi\u2019an Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0845-5056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Xi\u2019an Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Xi\u2019an Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Xi\u2019an Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengqianxi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Xi\u2019an Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2572","article-title":"Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Aerosol Optical Depth and Its Main Influence Types in China during 1990\u20132017","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. 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