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China","award":["20228108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20228108"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper aims to introduce a numerical technique for forecasting the hazard caused by the disaster chain of landslide blocking river-dam breach floods through an integration of the distinct element method (DEM) and a well-balanced finite volume type shallow water model (SFLOW). A toppling slope in a reservoir area, the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, was chosen for the study. Creep has been observed in the potential instability area, and a possible sliding surface was identified based on the data collected from adits and boreholes. Catastrophic rock avalanches may be triggered after reservoir impoundment, and the associated landslide disaster chain needed to be predicted. First, the landslide blocking river process was modeled by the DEM using the three-dimensional particle flow code (PFC 3D). The landslide duration, runout distance, and kinematic characteristics were obtained. In addition, the landslide dam and barrier lake were constructed. Then, the cascading dam breach flood propagation was simulated using the self-developed SFLOW. The flow velocity, inundation depth, and area were obtained. The hazard maps derived from the combined numerical technique provided a quantitative reference for risk mitigation. The influences of two involved parameters on the final hazard-affected area are discussed herein. It is expected that the presented model will be applied in more prediction cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15194669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T10:46:21Z","timestamp":1695552381000},"page":"4669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["RETRACTED: Forecasting the Landslide Blocking River Process and Cascading Dam Breach Flood Propagation by an Integrated Numerical Approach: A Reservoir Area Case Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Urban Construction, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China"},{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"}]},{"given":"Xiansen","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoshuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Urban Construction, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China"},{"name":"College of Civil Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rock Instability and Seismicity Research, School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-018-7825-4","article-title":"Mass movements along a rapidly uplifting river valley: An example from the upper Jinsha River, southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau","volume":"77","author":"Zhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. 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