{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T06:39:17Z","timestamp":1769582357950,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural science foundation youth program of Shandong Province","award":["ZR2021QD134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021QD134"]}]},{"name":"Natural science foundation youth program of Shandong Province","award":["2023133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023133"]}]},{"name":"Natural science foundation youth program of Shandong Province","award":["tsqn202103065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tsqn202103065"]}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation Project of Rizhao City","award":["ZR2021QD134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021QD134"]}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation Project of Rizhao City","award":["2023133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023133"]}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation Project of Rizhao City","award":["tsqn202103065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tsqn202103065"]}]},{"name":"Young Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province","award":["ZR2021QD134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021QD134"]}]},{"name":"Young Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province","award":["2023133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023133"]}]},{"name":"Young Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province","award":["tsqn202103065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tsqn202103065"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The greening of land plays a meaningful role in improving human settlements by regulating ecosystem functions in the central coast region of China. However, research on the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of green land changes in different urbanized regions and the cooling temperature effect of the different green land densities are still lacking in this region, which limits the understanding of the effect of greening of land on land thermal properties. To address this issue, we integrated several approaches to establish a comprehensive way of \u2018human\u2013computer interactive interpretation method\u2014urban interior mixed pixel model\u2014surface radiation energy balance model\u2019 using data from remote sensing images and the national land use\/cover database of China, focusing on Rizhao city. The conclusions are as follows: The total greening of land from 2000 to 2022 was monitored, and it was found that its cover improved within the built-up area of the city, with the proportion of green land increasing from 25.34% in 2000 to 42.98% in 2022. Differences in the amount of green spaces in different urbanized regions were first observed, namely, the urban greening rate was 37.78% in the old urban area in 2022, while it was as high as 46.43% in the newly expanded urban area in 2022, showing that more attention should be given to the construction of urban green spaces during urban expansion. Thermal comfort indicators in the study area were evaluated in terms of latent heat flux (0\u2013457.83 W\/m2), sensible heat flux (0\u2013645.09 W\/m2), and total available energy (254.07\u2013659.42 W\/m2). We also found that the cooling temperature effect in the middle- and high-density green land regions were 1.05 \u00b0C and 2.12 \u00b0C higher than those in the low-density region, and the established comfort\/discomfort zones in terms of land surface temperature were depicted. These results provide a new practical reference for exploring the spatiotemporal heterogeneity change in green land and its impact on land-surface thermal properties in coastal regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15194785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T04:28:08Z","timestamp":1696220888000},"page":"4785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Analyzing Changes in Urban Green Spaces and Their Effect on Land Temperature from the Perspective of Surface Radiation Energy Balance in Rizhao City, the Central Coast of China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4818-2379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Remediation in Jining City, School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Shanfeng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Remediation in Jining City, School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China"}]},{"given":"Zhaoyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Remediation in Jining City, School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China"}]},{"given":"Qinglei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Remediation in Jining City, School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4419-5757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafiq","family":"Hamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Meteorological Institute, 1180 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.08.011","article-title":"Seeking everyday wellbeing: The coast as a therapeutic landscape","volume":"142","author":"Bell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc. 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