{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T20:58:36Z","timestamp":1774645116047,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62001060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62001060"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["23KJD140001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23KJD140001"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["CJ20220256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CJ20220256"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["NJ20220008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NJ20220008"]}]},{"name":"the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province, the Natural Science Fundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","award":["62001060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62001060"]}]},{"name":"the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province, the Natural Science Fundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","award":["23KJD140001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23KJD140001"]}]},{"name":"the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province, the Natural Science Fundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","award":["CJ20220256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CJ20220256"]}]},{"name":"the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province, the Natural Science Fundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","award":["NJ20220008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NJ20220008"]}]},{"name":"Changzhou Sci&amp;Tech Program","award":["62001060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62001060"]}]},{"name":"Changzhou Sci&amp;Tech Program","award":["23KJD140001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23KJD140001"]}]},{"name":"Changzhou Sci&amp;Tech Program","award":["CJ20220256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CJ20220256"]}]},{"name":"Changzhou Sci&amp;Tech Program","award":["NJ20220008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NJ20220008"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics (Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics), Ministry of Education","award":["62001060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62001060"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics (Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics), Ministry of Education","award":["23KJD140001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23KJD140001"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics (Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics), Ministry of Education","award":["CJ20220256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CJ20220256"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics (Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics), Ministry of Education","award":["NJ20220008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NJ20220008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wideband beamformers have been widely studied in wireless communication, remote sensing and so on. Generally speaking, to improve the spatial filtering ability of beamformers, there usually needs more sensors, which implies increased computational complexity and hardware costs. Besides that, wideband beamformers are known to be exceedingly sensitive to sensor mismatches in practice. Nevertheless, there is still a gap in research on the design of robust sparse wideband beamformers. In this paper, a two-step design of this topic is proposed. Firstly, a robust design based on the worst-case performance optimization (WCPO) using circular-model (CM) sensor mismatches is reformulated to address shortcomings of constraint sensitivity. Secondly, inspired by the joint sparse technology in compressive sensing theory, we focus on the sparse design of wideband beamformer. The constraints for the response characteristics and robustness are set from first step, and an iterative algorithm based on reweighted \u21132,1 optimization is adopted to achieve maximum sparsity of the sensor array. The mainly advantages of the work are that the proposed design exhibits accordant performance in terms of response and robustness, but few sensors compared with the counterpart with uniform array. Moreover, we surprisingly find that the optimized sparse array is also applicable to other design based on WCPO criterion. Simulation results are provided to verify the superior of the proposed methods compared to the existing counterparts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15194791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T04:28:08Z","timestamp":1696220888000},"page":"4791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Design of Robust Sparse Wideband Beamformers with Circular-Model Mismatches Based on Reweighted \u21132,1 Optimization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9555-7033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213031, China"}]},{"given":"Haixiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213031, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213031, China"}]},{"given":"Yuhan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213031, China"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211100, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou 215500, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Benesty, J., Chen, J., and Huang, Y. 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