{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T15:49:29Z","timestamp":1776354569312,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","award":["NA18OAR4310283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA18OAR4310283"]}]},{"name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","award":["80GSFC19C0032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80GSFC19C0032"]}]},{"name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","award":["80NSSC19K0947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NSSC19K0947"]}]},{"name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","award":["NA18OAR4310283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA18OAR4310283"]}]},{"name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","award":["80GSFC19C0032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80GSFC19C0032"]}]},{"name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","award":["80NSSC19K0947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NSSC19K0947"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Top-down observational constraints on emissions flux estimates from satellite observations of chemical composition are subject to biases and errors stemming from transport, chemistry and prior emissions estimates. In this context, we developed an ensemble data assimilation system to optimize the initial conditions for carbon monoxide (CO) and aerosols, while also quantifying the respective emission fluxes with a distinct attribution of anthropogenic and wildfire sources. We present the separate assimilation of CO profile v9 retrievals from the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), collection 6.1, from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments. This assimilation system is built on the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) and includes a meteorological ensemble to assimilate weather observations within the online Community Atmosphere Model with Chemistry (CAM-chem). Inversions indicate an underestimation of CO emissions in CAMS-GLOB-ANT_v5.1 in China for 2015 and an overestimation of CO emissions in the Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN) version 2.2, especially in the tropics. These emissions increments are consistent between the MODIS AOD and the MOPITT CO-based inversions. Additional simulations and comparison with in situ observations from the NASA Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom) show that biases in hydroxyl radical (OH) chemistry dominate the CO errors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15194813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T07:28:29Z","timestamp":1696318109000},"page":"4813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Global Scale Inversions from MOPITT CO and MODIS AOD"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6595-0686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Gaubert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4342-1190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David P.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6227-6983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2615-5831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avelino F.","family":"Arellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Barr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8124-2455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca R.","family":"Buchholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Darras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, 31400 Toulouse, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2325-6212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louisa K.","family":"Emmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Fillmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3007-6044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Granier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019A\u00e9rologie, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"NOAA\/Chemical Sciences Laboratory, and CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4269-1677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James W.","family":"Hannigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0067-617X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6166-7154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Raeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305, USA"}]},{"given":"Antonin","family":"Souli\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019A\u00e9rologie, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0107-4496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenfu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5949-9307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen M.","family":"Worden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9968-1210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Ziskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2151\/jmsj1965.75.1B_191","article-title":"Assimilation of Observations, an Introduction","volume":"75","author":"Talagrand","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. 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