{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T02:37:47Z","timestamp":1774319867813,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Multi-government International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Key Project of the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2018YFE0184300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFE0184300"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial University Science and Technology Innovation Team","award":["2018YFE0184300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFE0184300"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Land use\/cover change (LULCC) is an integral part of global environmental change and is influenced by both natural and socioeconomic factors. This study aims to comprehensively analyze land use and land cover (LULC) in Kwazulu-Natal and Mpumalanga provinces in eastern South Africa from 1995 to 2020 and to identify the driving force behind LULCC. Utilizing Landsat series satellite imagery as a data source and based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and eCognition software 9.0, two different classification methods, pixel-based classification and object-oriented classification, were adopted to gather LULC data every five years. The spatiotemporal characteristics of the data were then analyzed. Using an optimal parameter-based geodetector (OPGD), this study explored the driving factors of LULCC in this region. The results show the following: (1) Of the two classification methods examined, the object-oriented classification had higher accuracy, with an overall accuracy of 80\u201390%. The pixel-based classification had lower accuracy, with an overall accuracy of 62.33\u201372.14%. (2) From 1995 to 2020, the area of farmland in the study area showed a fluctuating increase, while the areas of forest and grassland declined annually. The area of constructed land increased annually, whereas the areas of water and unused land fluctuated over time. (3) Socioeconomic factors generally had greater explanatory power than natural factors, with population growth and economic development being the main drivers of LULCC in the region. This study provides a reliable scientific basis for the formulation of sustainable land resource development strategies in the area, as well as for the management and implementation of urban and rural planning, ecological protection, and environmental governance by relevant departments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15194823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T11:58:57Z","timestamp":1696420737000},"page":"4823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Analysis of Land Use\/Cover Changes and Driving Forces in a Typical Subtropical Region of South Africa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sikai","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Remote Sensing for Universities in Yunnan Kunming, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Center for Geospatial Information Engineering and Technology of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China"}]},{"given":"Suling","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Remote Sensing for Universities in Yunnan Kunming, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Center for Geospatial Information Engineering and Technology of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7202-646X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Remote Sensing for Universities in Yunnan Kunming, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Center for Geospatial Information Engineering and Technology of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Remote Sensing for Universities in Yunnan Kunming, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Center for Geospatial Information Engineering and Technology of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China"}]},{"given":"Xuzhen","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Remote Sensing for Universities in Yunnan Kunming, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Center for Geospatial Information Engineering and Technology of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5822-032X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janine","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Council for Geoscience, Pretoria 0001, South Africa"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5330-9990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eldar","family":"Kurbanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sustainable Forest Management and Remote Sensing, Volga State University of Technology, Yoshkar-Ola 424000, Russia"}]},{"given":"Jinming","family":"Sha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1007\/s12524-022-01588-7","article-title":"Spatio-temporal Dynamics of Land Use Land Cover Changes and Future Prediction Using Geospatial Techniques","volume":"50","author":"Abraham","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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