{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T11:14:25Z","timestamp":1770290065308,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Nature Science Youth Fund","award":["41704062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41704062"]}]},{"name":"National Nature Science Youth Fund","award":["202301022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202301022"]}]},{"name":"the Project of Earthquake Tracking in 2023","award":["41704062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41704062"]}]},{"name":"the Project of Earthquake Tracking in 2023","award":["202301022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202301022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The air temperature changes in the Palu MW7.5 earthquake in Indonesia on 28 September 2018 were analyzed, based on the additive tectonic stress caused by celestial tidal-generating forces (ATSCTF) and air temperature data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). This paper explored the variation characteristics of three-dimensional stratified of air temperature caused by seismic activity and the coupling relationship between air temperature changes and the tidal force. The background information for air temperature calculation was obtained from the tidal force changes, and the air temperature increment method was used to study the temperature evolution process of different periods in the study area. The results found that the tidal force acting on the critical state earthquake faults may be an important external factor inducing earthquakes, and there was indeed a significant air temperature increase anomaly during the Palu MW7.5 earthquake. The paper also summarized the abnormal characteristics of air temperature caused by seismic activity: the air temperature closer to the land\u2019s surface has greater anomaly amplitude and a wider anomaly area than that of the upper air.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15194852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T04:52:36Z","timestamp":1696827156000},"page":"4852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Air Temperature Variations in Multiple Layers of the Indonesia Earthquake Based on the Tidal Forces"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xian","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Earthquake Networks Center, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiyu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Earthquake Networks Center, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Earthquake Networks Center, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Earthquake Networks Center, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anfu","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Earthquake Networks Center, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1403","article-title":"Laboratory research on mechanism of satellite infrared anomaly","volume":"40","author":"Qiang","year":"1995","journal-title":"China Sci. 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