{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T14:00:25Z","timestamp":1772114425663,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018581","name":"Jiangsu Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018581","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018581","name":"Jiangsu Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JZ110145B0012021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ110145B0012021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018581","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hunan Province Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project","award":["2021081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021081"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Province Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project","award":["JZ110145B0012021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ110145B0012021"]}]},{"name":"Three Gorges Follow-up Work","award":["2021081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021081"]}]},{"name":"Three Gorges Follow-up Work","award":["JZ110145B0012021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ110145B0012021"]}]},{"name":"Basic scientific research business fund of the Chinese Academy of Water Sciences","award":["2021081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021081"]}]},{"name":"Basic scientific research business fund of the Chinese Academy of Water Sciences","award":["JZ110145B0012021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ110145B0012021"]}]},{"name":"key technology research","award":["2021081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021081"]}]},{"name":"key technology research","award":["JZ110145B0012021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ110145B0012021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate extraction of farmland boundaries is crucial for improving the efficiency of farmland surveys, achieving precise agricultural management, enhancing farmers\u2019 production conditions, protecting the ecological environment, and promoting local economic development. Remote sensing and deep learning are feasible methods for creating large-scale farmland boundary maps. However, existing neural network models have limitations that restrict the accuracy and reliability of agricultural parcel extraction using remote sensing technology. In this study, we used high-resolution satellite images (2 m, 1 m, and 0.8 m) and the U2-Net++ model based on the RSU module, deep separable convolution, and the channel-spatial attention mechanism module to extract different types of fields. Our model exhibited significant improvements in farmland parcel extraction compared with the other models. It achieved an F1-score of 97.13%, which is a 7.36% to 17.63% improvement over older models such as U-Net and FCN and a more than 2% improvement over advanced models such as DeepLabv3+ and U2-Net. These results indicate that U2-Net++ holds the potential for widespread application in the production of large-scale farmland boundary maps.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15204900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T10:23:42Z","timestamp":1696933422000},"page":"4900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Field Patch Extraction Based on High-Resolution Imaging and U2-Net++ Convolutional Neural Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Research Center on Flood & Drought Disaster Prevention and Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of River Basin Digital Twinning of Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Wenlong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Research Center on Flood & Drought Disaster Prevention and Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of River Basin Digital Twinning of Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"}]},{"given":"Sun","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Research Center on Flood & Drought Disaster Prevention and Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of River Basin Digital Twinning of Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Yizhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Research Center on Flood & Drought Disaster Prevention and Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of River Basin Digital Twinning of Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Research Center on Flood & Drought Disaster Prevention and Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of River Basin Digital Twinning of Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suqian City Sucheng District Water Conservancy Bureau, Suqian 223800, China"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Hongjie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Research Center on Flood & Drought Disaster Prevention and Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of River Basin Digital Twinning of Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Tianshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Research Center on Flood & Drought Disaster Prevention and Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of River Basin Digital Twinning of Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"}]},{"given":"Gui","family":"Rongjie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Research Center on Flood & Drought Disaster Prevention and Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of River Basin Digital Twinning of Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"}]},{"given":"Haider","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Research Center on Flood & Drought Disaster Prevention and Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of River Basin Digital Twinning of Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Lingwei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Shengjie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Research Center on Flood & Drought Disaster Prevention and Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of River Basin Digital Twinning of Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haworth, B.T., Biggs, E., Duncan, J., Wales, N., Boruff, B., and Bruce, E. 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