{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T10:52:58Z","timestamp":1775472778610,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Spatial Information Engineering","award":["20220110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220110"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we address some questions with respect to the Tianshan Mountains that are necessary for understanding the present deformation rate in this region. A series of thrust nappe structures are distributed on the north and south sides of the Tianshan Mountains, and many of them are currently active. To analyze the deformation characteristics and movement rates of different fold-and-thrust belts on the northern and southern margins of Tianshan, we use InSAR observations (Sentinel-1A\/B, 2015\u20132020) to produce a rate map for the entire observation period on four ascending and four descending tracks. In order to reduce phase artifacts, we reconstruct multi-temporal scenes with atmospheric-corrected and orbital-corrected interferograms via a small baseline subset. The results show that the Bolokenu-Aqikekuduke Fault exhibits a right-lateral strike-slip motion, with the western segment moving at about 4.95 \u00b1 0.38 mm\/yr and the eastern segment at approximately 2.34 \u00b1 0.34 mm\/yr. The Manas-Tugulu anticline in the northern fold-and-thrust belt reaches ~5\u20138 mm\/yr at 86\u00b0E\u201386.5\u00b0, and the Qiulitage anticline in the south reaches ~6\u20139 mm\/yr at ~83\u00b0\u201385\u00b0. The post-seismic time series cumulative displacement map of the Jinghe earthquake reveals no significant post-seismic deformation signal in the epicenter area. The Qiulitage thrust belt, situated within the fold-and-thrust belts flanking the Tianshan, features extensive thrust accompanied by a right-lateral strike-slip component. And the Manas-Tugulu anticline exhibits sustained deformation, including pronounced coseismic and post-seismic effects from the Hutubi earthquake. This study highlights the potential of a multi-temporal InSAR analysis and emphasizes future opportunities presented by new generations of SAR platforms with shorter revisit periods for quantifying the spatial and temporal behavior of post-seismic and interseismic periods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15204901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T10:23:42Z","timestamp":1696933422000},"page":"4901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Large-Scale Crustal Deformation of the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, from Sentinel-1 InSAR Observations (2015\u20132020)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7921-6159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Sha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Spatial Information Engineering, Beijing Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100038, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5262-1007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiufeng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaohang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"}]},{"given":"Zhuang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2019JB018774","DOI":"10.1029\/2019JB018774","article-title":"Present-Day Crustal Deformation of Continental China Derived From GPS and Its Tectonic Implications","volume":"125","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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