{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T04:53:03Z","timestamp":1771476783328,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32001368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32001368"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In urban thermal environment research (UTE), urban shadows formed by buildings and trees contribute to significant variations in thermal conditions, particularly during the mid-day period. This study investigated the multi-scale effects of indicators, including urban shadows, on UTE, focusing specifically on the mid-day hours. It integrated field temperature measurements and drone aerial data from multiple city blocks. Considering both urban shadows and direct solar radiation, a linear mixed-effects model was employed to study the multi-scale effects of urban morphological indicators. Results showed that: (1) UTE is a multi-scale, multi-factor phenomenon, with thermal effects manifesting at specific scales. Under shadow conditions, smaller scales (10\u201320 m) of landscape heterogeneity and larger scales (300\u2013400 m) of landscape consistency better explained temperature variations mid-day. Conversely, under direct sunlight, temperature was primarily influenced by larger scales (150\u2013300 m). (2) Trees significantly reduced temperature; 100% tree canopy cover within a 10-m radius reduced air temperatures by approximately 2 \u00b0C mid-day. However, there is no significant correlation between temperature and green spaces. (3) Building area and height were significantly correlated with temperature. Specifically, an increase in building area beyond 150 m, especially within a 300-m radius, leads to higher temperatures. Conversely, building height within a 10\u201320 m range exhibits significant cooling effects. These findings provide crucial reference data for micro-scale UTE investigations during mid-day hours and offer new strategies for urban planning and design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15204902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T10:23:42Z","timestamp":1696933422000},"page":"4902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Multi-Scale Influence Analysis of Urban Shadow and Spatial Form Features on Urban Thermal Environment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Liqun","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Wuhan 430062, China"}]},{"given":"Yangyan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"}]},{"given":"Man","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Longxiang","family":"Zhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"}]},{"given":"Shuwei","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/17512549.2007.9687272","article-title":"Heat Island Research in Europe: The State of the Art","volume":"1","author":"Santamouris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv. 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