{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:37:18Z","timestamp":1760150238138,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"POI FEB RAS project","award":["0211-2021-0014","21-17-00027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0211-2021-0014","21-17-00027"]}]},{"name":"Russian Science Foundation project","award":["0211-2021-0014","21-17-00027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0211-2021-0014","21-17-00027"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The East Kamchatka and East Sakhalin Currents (EKC and ESC) are the western boundary currents of the subarctic North Pacific and Okhotsk Sea. Variability in the EKC and ESC velocities could exert a substantial effect on ecosystems and fish stocks in the southwestern Bering Sea and Okhotsk Sea. Using satellite-derived data (sea surface heights, geostrophic current velocities, and sea surface temperatures, 2002\u20132020), we demonstrate that changes in zonal wind generate sea level variations on the shelf in the southwestern Bering Sea over a period of 18\u201329 days and with an amplitude of 5\u201320 cm. The ebb\/flood events on the shelf lead to changes in the velocity, direction, and position of the EKC. The sea level anomalies propagate along the western Kamchatka, northern Kuril Islands and the northern and western Okhotsk Sea and result in the variability of geostrophic current velocities in the ESC zone. The strengthening (weakening) of ESC leads to an increase (a decrease) in SST in the southern part of the Okhotsk Sea by 1\u20133 \u00b0C. In the northwestern Okhotsk Sea, in addition to wind-induced variability, there are temporary changes in the geostrophic currents with a period of 14 days caused by fortnightly tides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15204984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T10:06:36Z","timestamp":1697450796000},"page":"4984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intra-Seasonal Variability of Sea Level on the Southwestern Bering Sea Shelf and Its Impact on the East Kamchatka and East Sakhalin Currents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3522-9011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey","family":"Andreev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"V.I. Il\u2019ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Gill, A.E. (1982). Atmosphere\u2013Ocean Dynamics, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Efimov, V.V., Kulikov, E.A., Rabinovich, A.B., and Fajn, I.V. (1985). Waves in the Border Zones of the World Ocean, Gidrometeoizdat. (In Russian)."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1357\/002224005775247625","article-title":"The variability of the East Sakhalin Current induced by winds over the continental shelf and slope","volume":"63","author":"Mizuta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mar. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2015.07.001","article-title":"Impact of the Alaskan Stream flow on surface water dynamics, temperature, ice extent, plankton biomass, and walleye pollock stocks in the eastern Okhotsk Sea","volume":"151","author":"Prants","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mar. Syst."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr2.2013.03.034","article-title":"Hydrography and biological resources in the western Bering Sea","volume":"94","author":"Khen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Deep-Sea Res. II"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1134\/S1063074015070032","article-title":"The change in water circulation and its implication for the distribution and abundance of salmon in the western Bering Sea in the early 21st century","volume":"41","author":"Khen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Russ. J. Mar. Biol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s10236-020-01347-7","article-title":"Water dynamics in the western Bering Sea and its impact on chlorophyll a concentration","volume":"70","author":"Andreev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocean Dyn."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andreev, A.G., and Pipko, I.I. (2022). Water circulation, temperature, salinity, and pCO2 distribution in the surface layer of the East-Kamchatka Current. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse10111787"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C04013","DOI":"10.1029\/2005JC003080","article-title":"Seasonal to interannual variations of the western boundary current of the subarctic North Pacific by a combination of the altimeter and tide gauge sea levels","volume":"111","author":"Isoguchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020JC016187","DOI":"10.1029\/2020JC016187","article-title":"Observation and Lagrangian Analysis of Quasi-Stationary Kamchatka Trench Eddies","volume":"125","author":"Prants","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Favorite, F. (1974). Oceanography of the Bering Sea with Emphasis on Renewable Resources, University of Alaska."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(1994)024<0848:CITBSB>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Circulation in the Bering Sea basin by satellite-tracked drifters","volume":"24","author":"Stabeno","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s10872-012-0113-0","article-title":"Variability of the Bering Sea circulation in the period 1992\u20132010","volume":"68","author":"Panteleev","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Talley, L.D., and Nagata, Y. (1995). The Okhotsk Sea and Oyashio Region, North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES)."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr2.2009.12.012","article-title":"Seasonal variation in the in- and outflow of the Okhotsk Sea with the North Pacific","volume":"57","author":"Ohshima","year":"2010","journal-title":"Deep Sea Res. II"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6747","DOI":"10.1002\/2013JC009464","article-title":"An exchange flow between the Okhotsk Sea and the North Pacific driven by the East Kamchatka Current","volume":"118","author":"Kida","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Pishchalnik, V.M., and Arhipkin, V.S. (1999). Hydrometeorological and Ecological Conditions of the Far-Eastern Seas: Marine Environmental Impact Assessment, Dalnauka. (In Russian)."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2430","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(2003)033<2430:SASVOT>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Structure and seasonal variability of the East Sakhalin Current","volume":"33","author":"Mizuta","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s10872-006-0042-x","article-title":"Seasonal and interannual variations in the East Sakhalin current revealed by TOPEX\/POSEIDON altimeter data","volume":"62","author":"Ebuchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s10236-017-1031-x","article-title":"Mesoscale circulation along the Sakhalin Island eastern coast","volume":"67","author":"Prants","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocean Dyn."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s10872-006-0044-8","article-title":"Current structure and volume transport of the Soya Warm Current in summer","volume":"62","author":"Matsuyama","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1175\/JPO-D-16-0210.1","article-title":"Volume, heat, and salt transports through the Soya Strait and their seasonal and interannual variations","volume":"47","author":"Ohshima","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.5194\/os-11-67-2015","article-title":"Improved sea level record over the satellite altimetry era (1993\u20132010) from the Climate Change Initiative project","volume":"11","author":"Ablain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ocean Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.5194\/os-12-1067-2016","article-title":"DUACS DT2014: The new multi-mission altimeter dataset reprocessed over 20 years","volume":"12","author":"Ablain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ocean Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1134\/S1019331615010049","article-title":"Zoning the ice cover of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan","volume":"85","author":"Minervin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Her. Russ. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1987)044<2727:RWLFDO>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Retrograding wintertime low-frequency disturbances over the North Pacific Ocean","volume":"44","author":"Kushnir","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2963","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(1997)010<2963:SFVOTN>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Surface flux variability over the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans","volume":"10","author":"Alexander","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"9267","article-title":"Wave trains of 10\u201330-day meridional wind variations over the North Pacific during summer","volume":"34","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(1998)028<0433:GVOTFB>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Geographical variability of the first-baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation","volume":"28","author":"Chelton","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1134\/S0001433819090068","article-title":"The distribution of the desalinated waters of the Amur estuary in the Okhotsk Sea according to satellite observations","volume":"55","author":"Andreev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3103\/S1068373910040084","article-title":"Influence of the Amur River runoff on the hydrological conditions of the Amur Liman and Sakhalin Bay (Sea of Okhotsk) during the spring-summer flood","volume":"35","author":"Zhabin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Russ. Meteorol. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Gluhovskiy, B.H., Goptarev, N.P., and Terziev, F.S. (1998). Okhotsk Sea, Gidrometeoizdat. (In Russian)."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(2004)034<0513:SBATCG>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Sverdrup balance and the cyclonic gyre in the Sea of Okhotsk","volume":"34","author":"Ohshima","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C05016","DOI":"10.1029\/2005JC002980","article-title":"A model simulation on the circulation in the Sea of Okhotsk and the East Sakhalin Current","volume":"111","author":"Simizu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2014.05.009","article-title":"Coherent sea level variation in and around the Sea of Okhotsk","volume":"126","author":"Nakanowatari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/20\/4984\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:07:50Z","timestamp":1760130470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/20\/4984"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["rs15204984"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs15204984","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]]}}}