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For the first time, based on the new GNOS II sensor, this mission realizes radio occultation (RO) and reflectometry observations using the navigation signals from the third-generation BeiDou System (BDS-3), and it is hence important to assess and analyze the BDS-3 remote sensing performances relative to other systems. Here, we assessed FY-3E GNOS II RO atmospheric retrievals by inter-comparing with corresponding data from the NCEP FNL global atmospheric analysis and FY-3D GNOS mission. The GNOS RO data quality and consistency of the different FY-3 meteorological satellites, i.e., FY-3D and FY-3E, as well as different GNSS systems (GPS, BDS-2, BDS-3) were analyzed. We find that the FY-3E GNOS II RO data exhibit better quality than FY-3D GNOS, particularly in the number, penetration height toward surface, and global coverage by BDS RO profiles, due to the integration of BDS-2 and BDS-3. Additionally, comparing with co-located NCEP FNL analysis profiles, the mean difference (and standard deviation) of the FY-3E GNOS II RO atmospheric refractivity profile retrievals is found to be smaller than 0.2% (and 1%), in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, from 5 to 30 km, and remains consistent at this accuracy and precision level with the FY-3D GNOS RO data. These features provide clear evidence for a high utility of the new GNOS II RO data for weather and climate research and applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15205011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T10:36:56Z","timestamp":1697625416000},"page":"5011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Preliminary Assessment of BDS Radio Occultation Retrieval Quality and Coverage Using FY-3E GNOS II Measurements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2660-1931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Congliang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC\/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"International Laboratory on Climate and Atmosphere Research with Occultation & Reflectometry Observing Systems (ICAROS) of NSSC\/CAS, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"School of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Mi","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration (NSMC\/CMA), Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Yueqiang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC\/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"International Laboratory on Climate and Atmosphere Research with Occultation & Reflectometry Observing Systems (ICAROS) of NSSC\/CAS, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC\/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"International Laboratory on Climate and Atmosphere Research with Occultation & Reflectometry Observing Systems (ICAROS) of NSSC\/CAS, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"School of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC\/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"International Laboratory on Climate and Atmosphere Research with Occultation & Reflectometry Observing Systems (ICAROS) of NSSC\/CAS, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3020-8676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiuqing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration (NSMC\/CMA), Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7115-1389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration (NSMC\/CMA), Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Guanglin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration (NSMC\/CMA), Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration (NSMC\/CMA), Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Jinsong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration (NSMC\/CMA), Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Weihua","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC\/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"International Laboratory on Climate and Atmosphere Research with Occultation & Reflectometry Observing Systems (ICAROS) of NSSC\/CAS, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Qifei","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC\/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"International Laboratory on Climate and Atmosphere Research with Occultation & Reflectometry Observing Systems (ICAROS) of NSSC\/CAS, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4132-3442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangguang","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC\/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"International Laboratory on Climate and Atmosphere Research with Occultation & Reflectometry Observing Systems (ICAROS) of NSSC\/CAS, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC\/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"International Laboratory on Climate and Atmosphere Research with Occultation & Reflectometry Observing Systems (ICAROS) of NSSC\/CAS, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}]},{"given":"Guangyuan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC\/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"International Laboratory on Climate and Atmosphere Research with Occultation & Reflectometry Observing Systems (ICAROS) of NSSC\/CAS, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2438-6900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC\/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"International Laboratory on Climate and Atmosphere Research with Occultation & Reflectometry Observing Systems (ICAROS) of NSSC\/CAS, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), University of 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University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9187-937X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gottfried","family":"Kirchengast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Laboratory on Climate and Atmosphere Research with Occultation & Reflectometry Observing Systems (ICAROS) of NSSC\/CAS, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change (WEGC) and Institute of Physics, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"372","article-title":"Analysis of errors in the vertical temperature profiles recovered from GPS occultation observations","volume":"72","author":"Hajj","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eos Trans. 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