{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:36:19Z","timestamp":1760150179499,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42174103","12261131504","42027802","42204091","2022YFC2204601","220100044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42174103","12261131504","42027802","42204091","2022YFC2204601","220100044"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["42174103","12261131504","42027802","42204091","2022YFC2204601","220100044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42174103","12261131504","42027802","42204091","2022YFC2204601","220100044"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Hubei Luojia Laboratory","award":["42174103","12261131504","42027802","42204091","2022YFC2204601","220100044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42174103","12261131504","42027802","42204091","2022YFC2204601","220100044"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The electrostatic gravity gradiometer carried by the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite is affected by accelerometer noise and other factors; hence, the observation data present complex error characteristics in the low-frequency domain. The accuracy of the recovered gravity field will be directly affected by the design of the filters based on the error characteristics of the gradient data. In this study, the applicability of various filters to different errors in observation is evaluated, such as the 1\/f error and the orbital frequency errors. The experimental results show that the cascade filter (DARMA), which is formed of a differential filter and an autoregressive moving average filter (ARMA) filter, has the best accuracy for the characteristic of the 1\/f low-frequency error. The strategy of introducing empirical parameters can reduce the orbital frequency errors, whereas the application of a notch filter will worsen the final solution. Frequent orbit changes and other changes in the observed environment have little impact on the new version gradient data (the data product is coded 0202), while the influence cannot be ignored on the results of the old version data (the data product is coded 0103). The influence can be effectively minimized by shortening the length of the arc. By analyzing the above experimental findings, it can be concluded that the inversion accuracy can be effectively improved by choosing the appropriate filter combination and filter estimation frequency when solving the gravity field model based on the gradient data of the GOCE satellite. This is of reference significance for the updating of the existing models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15205034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:39:37Z","timestamp":1697762377000},"page":"5034","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Impact of Different Filters on the Gravity Field Recovery Based on the GOCE Gradient Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7178-9315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinglu","family":"Mu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Changqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3518-9486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yihao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut) and Institut f\u00fcr Gravitationsphysik, Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographic Information and Tourism, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"European Space Agency (1999). 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