{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:14:06Z","timestamp":1780391646621,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National High Technology Research and Development Program of China","award":["2010AA122202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010AA122202"]}]},{"name":"National High Technology Research and Development Program of China","award":["42230103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42230103"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2010AA122202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010AA122202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42230103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42230103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Craters are the most prominent geomorphological features on the surface of celestial bodies, which plays a crucial role in studying the formation and evolution of celestial bodies as well as in landing and planning for surface exploration. Currently, the main automatic crater detection models and datasets focus on the detection of large and medium craters. In this paper, we created 23 small lunar crater datasets for model training based on the Chang\u2019E-2 (CE-2) DOM, DEM, Slope, and integrated data with 7 kinds of visualization stretching methods. Then, we proposed the YOLO-Crater model for Lunar and Martian small crater detection by replacing EioU and VariFocal loss to solve the crater sample imbalance problem and introducing a CBAM attention mechanism to mitigate interference from the complex extraterrestrial environment. The results show that the accuracy (P = 87.86%, R = 66.04%, and F1 = 75.41%) of the Lunar YOLO-Crater model based on the DOM-MMS (Maximum-Minimum Stretching) dataset is the highest and better than that of the YOLOX model. The Martian YOLO-Crater, trained by the Martian dataset from the 2022 GeoAI Martian Challenge, achieves good performance with P = 88.37%, R = 69.25%, and F1 = 77.65%. It indicates that the YOLO-Crater model has strong transferability and generalization capability, which can be applied to detect small craters on the Moon and other celestial bodies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15205040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T07:25:22Z","timestamp":1697786722000},"page":"5040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["YOLO-Crater Model for Small Crater Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lingli","family":"Mu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Xian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4088-566X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Salih, A.L., Schulte, P., Grumpe, A., W\u00f6hler, C., and Hiesinger, H. 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