{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T19:39:09Z","timestamp":1768419549755,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"King County-WRIA 8 King County Conservation District grants"},{"name":"National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship"},{"name":"University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences H.M. Keeler Lake Washington Fund"},{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Water clarity, defined in this study using measurements of the downwelling diffuse light attenuation coefficient (Kd) and turbidity, is an important indicator of lake trophic status and ecosystem health. We used in-situ measurements to evaluate existing semi-analytical models for Kd and turbidity, developed a regional turbidity model based on spectral shape, and evaluated the spatial and temporal trends in Lake Washington from 2013 to 2022 using Landsat-8\/9 Operational Land Imager (OLI). We found no significant trends from 2013 to 2022 in Kd or turbidity when both the annual and full datasets were considered. In addition to the spring peak lasting from April through June, autumn Kd peaks were present at all sites, a pattern consistent with seasonal chlorophyll a and zooplankton concentrations. There existed no autumn peak in the monthly turbidity dataset, and the spring peak occurred two months before the Kd peak, nearly mirroring seasonal variability in the Cedar River discharge rates over the same period. The Kd and turbidity algorithms were thus each more sensitive to different sources of water clarity variability in Lake Washington.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15205055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T12:59:48Z","timestamp":1697893188000},"page":"5055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Annual and Interannual Variability in the Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient and Turbidity in Urbanized Washington Lake from 2013 to 2022 Assessed Using Landsat-8\/9"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1428-9370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Schulien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulien Consulting, Issaquah, WA 98027, USA"}]},{"given":"Tessa","family":"Code","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA 98115, USA"},{"name":"School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"}]},{"given":"Curtis","family":"DeGasperi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King County Water and Land Resources Division, Seattle, WA 98104, USA"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Beauchamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA 98115, USA"}]},{"given":"Arielle","family":"Tonus Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"}]},{"given":"Arni H.","family":"Litt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2016). 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