{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:37:58Z","timestamp":1760150278336,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YQJD22","41806209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YQJD22","41806209"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YQJD22","41806209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YQJD22","41806209"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Scatterometers are dedicated to monitoring sea surface wind vectors, but they also provide valuable data for polar applications. As a new type of scatterometer, the rotating fan beam scatterometer delivers a higher diversity of incidence angles and more azimuth sampling. The paper takes the first rotating fan beam scatterometer, the China France Oceanography Satellite scatterometer (CSCAT), as an example to explore the effectiveness of this new type of scatterometer in polar sea ice detection. In this paper, a Bayesian method with consideration of geometric characteristics of CSCAT is developed for sea ice detection. The implementation of this method includes the definition of CSCAT backscatter space, an estimation of the sea ice Physical Model Function (GMF), a calculation of the sea ice backscatter distance to the sea ice GMF, a probability distribution function (PDF) estimation of the square distance to the GMF (sea ice GMF and wind GMF), and a calculation of the sea ice Bayesian posterior probability. This algorithm was used to generate a daily CSCAT polar sea ice mask during the CSCAT mission period (2019\u20132022) (by setting a 55% threshold on the Bayesian posterior probability). The sea ice masks were validated against passive microwaves by quantitatively comparing the sea ice edges and extents. The validation suggests that the CSCAT sea ice edge and extent show good agreement with the sea ice concentration distribution (i.e., sea ice concentration \u2265 15%) of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2). The average Euclidean distance of the sea ice edges was basically less than 12.5 km, and the deviation of the sea ice extents was less than 0.3 \u00d7 106 km2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15205063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T12:59:48Z","timestamp":1697893188000},"page":"5063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Polar Sea Ice Detection Using a Rotating Fan Beam Scatterometer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8154-7029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liling","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9515-9281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The CAS Key Laboratory of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenming","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuyan","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2016.2629418","article-title":"Polar Applications of Spaceborne Scatterometers","volume":"10","author":"Long","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE J. 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