{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T10:33:37Z","timestamp":1763202817930,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42104083","2021A1515011425","2019CFA091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42104083","2021A1515011425","2019CFA091"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China","award":["42104083","2021A1515011425","2019CFA091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42104083","2021A1515011425","2019CFA091"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hubei Province, China","award":["42104083","2021A1515011425","2019CFA091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42104083","2021A1515011425","2019CFA091"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To calibrate airborne gravity gradiometers currently in development in China, it is urgent to build an airborne gravity gradiometer test site. The site\u2019s selection depends on the preknowledge of high-resolution gravity and gradient structures. The residual terrain modelling (RTM) technique is generally applied to recover the short-scale gravity field signals. However, due to limitations in the quality and resolution of density models, RTM terrain generally assumes a constant density. This assumption can introduce significant errors in areas with substantial density anomalies and of reggued terrain, such as volcano areas. In this study, we promote a method to determine a high-resolution gravity field by integrating long-wavelength signals generated by EGM2008 with short-wavelength signals from terrain relief and shallow density anomalies. These short wavelength signals are recovered using the RTM technique with both constant density and density anomalies obtained through the equivalent source layer (ESL) method, utilizing sparse terrestrial gravity measurements. Compared to the recovery rate of 54.62% using the classical RTM method, the recovery rate increases to 86.22% after involving density anomalies. With this method, we investigate the gravity field signals over the Wudalianchi Volcano Field (WVF) both on the Earth\u2019s surface and at a flight height of 100 m above the terrain. The contribution of each part and their attenuation characters are studied. In particular, the 5 km \u00d7 5 km area surrounding Bijiashan (BJS) and Wohushan (WHS) volcanos shows a strong gravity signature, making it a good candidate for the test site location. This study gives the location of the airborne gravity gradiometer test site which is an essential step in the instruments\u2019 development. Furthermore, the method presented in this study offers a foundational framework for future data processing within the test site.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15215190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T12:48:31Z","timestamp":1698756511000},"page":"5190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Integration of Residual Terrain Modelling and the Equivalent Source Layer Method in Gravity Field Synthesis for Airborne Gravity Gradiometer Test Site Determination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6250-1965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Observation of Polar Environment (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China"}]},{"given":"Wei-Kai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Observation of Polar Environment (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4364-4012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roland","family":"Pail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Astronomical and Physical Geodesy, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany"}]},{"given":"Yan-Gang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geoexploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Observation of Polar Environment (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1443433","article-title":"A review of gravity gradiometer survey system data analyses","volume":"58","author":"Jekeli","year":"1993","journal-title":"Geophysics"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"341","article-title":"Airborne gravity gradiometry in the search for mineral deposits","volume":"7","author":"Dransfield","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. 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