{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T07:24:09Z","timestamp":1763018649433,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012492","name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 2019127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2019127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["No. 2019127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2019127"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Geosynchronous Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (GEO SAR) operates at a high orbital altitude, resulting in an extended imaging time and substantial variations in slant range. Additionally, the GEO SAR satellite orbit experiences a bending effect, and the target\u2019s movement, caused by the Earth\u2019s rotation, is influenced by the Earth\u2019s curvature. The back-projection (BP) algorithm has been proven to be a highly effective technique for precise imaging with GEO SAR by processing these specific echo signals. However, this approach necessitates considerable computational resources. Existing BP algorithms, such as the fast BP algorithm, do not consider the \u201cStop-and-Go\u201d error present in GEO SAR. Consequently, we developed a Precise Slant Range Model that considers the motion of both the satellite and targets. The model incorporates velocity and acceleration factors to accurately represent the signal transmission from transmission to reception. Additionally, we propose a Rapid Range History Construction Method to lessen the computational burden of generating the three-dimensional range history array. By utilizing the Precise Slant Range Model and the Rapid Range History Construction Method, and employing parallel processing through aperture segmentation, we propose an Accurate and Efficient BP imaging algorithm suitable for GEO SAR applications. To validate its effectiveness, simulations were conducted using the parameters of a GEO SAR system. The results indicated that the proposed algorithm enhances the imaging quality of GEO SAR, reduces the processing time, and achieves high-precision rapid imaging, thereby improving operational efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15215191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T12:48:31Z","timestamp":1698756511000},"page":"5191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["An Accurate and Efficient BP Algorithm Based on Precise Slant Range Model and Rapid Range History Construction Method for GEO SAR"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yifan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China"}]},{"given":"Lijia","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Bingchen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaochen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Xiyu","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Network Information System Technology (NIST), Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2006.02.005","article-title":"Geosynchronous synthetic aperture radar: Concept design, properties and possible applications","volume":"59","author":"Bruno","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Astronaut."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101539","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2930759","article-title":"A new geosynchronous SAR constellation and its signal characteristics","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1109\/36.789617","article-title":"Spotlight SAR data processing using the frequency scaling algorithm","volume":"37","author":"Mittermayer","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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