{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T04:09:47Z","timestamp":1773979787565,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["12273080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12273080"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["U2031129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2031129"]}]},{"name":"Joint Research Fund in Astronomy","award":["12273080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12273080"]}]},{"name":"Joint Research Fund in Astronomy","award":["U2031129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2031129"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Initial orbit determination (IOD), as a basis for initial orbit association and accurate orbit determination (OD), has a crucial role in the process of obtaining space debris orbit information. Among the traditional methods, the Gooding method has better convergence and stability. In this study, the Gooding method is enhanced to solve the issues discovered. A novel initial orbit determination (IOD) method is developed using the proposed improvement measures of the single-parameter initial value determination (SIVD) method, the fitted-curve noise suppression method, the restricted corrective value solution method, the removal of trivial solutions, etc. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the improved method. The success rate of the initial orbit determination reached 99%, and the accuracy of the solved orbit parameters was significantly improved, especially the semi-major axis (SMA) error of less than 50 km, accounting for 88% of the total. It can be seen that the method meets the demand of space-based space debris cataloging for initial orbit association and can serve in the field of space situational awareness, which has important practical significance and application potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15215217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T02:41:56Z","timestamp":1698979316000},"page":"5217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Improved Initial Orbit Determination Based on the Gooding Method of Low Earth Orbit Space Debris Using Space-Based Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4431-2645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yewen","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Observatory of National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7131-2720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Observatory of National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Object & Debris Observation, PMO, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China"}]},{"given":"Chengzhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Observatory of National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Object & Debris Observation, PMO, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Observatory of National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China"}]},{"given":"Jiannan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Observatory of National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Observatory of National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"744","article-title":"Analysis on space based and ground based surveillance system to space target","volume":"32","author":"Qiao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Opt. 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