{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T22:34:39Z","timestamp":1771713279979,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,4]],"date-time":"2023-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Israel Water Authority","award":["4500963047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4500963047"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>On 15 September 2015, a convective storm yielded heavy rainfalls that caused the strongest flash flood in the last 50 years in the South Negev Desert (Israel). None of the operational forecast models predicted the event, and thus, no warning was provided. We analyzed this event using satellite, radar, and numerical weather prediction model data. We generated cloud-free climatological values on a pixel basis using Temporal Fourier Analysis on a time series of MSG geostationary satellite data. The discrepancy between the measured and climatological values was used to detect \u201ccloud-contaminated\u201d pixels. This simple, robust, fast, and accurate method is valuable for the early detection of convection. The first clouds were detected 30 min before they were detected by the official MSG cloud mask, 4.5 h before the radar, and 10 h before the flood reached the main road. We used the \u201csevere storms\u201d RGB composite and the satellite-retrieved vertical profiles of cloud top temperature\u2013particle\u2019s effective radius relations as indicators for the development of a severe convective storm. We also reran the model with different convective schemes, with much-improved results. Both the satellite and model-based analysis provided early warning for a very high probability of flooding a few hours before the actual flooding occurred.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15215241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,4]],"date-time":"2023-11-04T14:51:01Z","timestamp":1699109461000},"page":"5241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Early Detection and Analysis of an Unpredicted Convective Storm over the Negev Desert"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9146-9212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shilo","family":"Shiff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Givati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Studies Department, Porter School of the Environmental and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1332-8078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steve","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7594-5277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Itamar M.","family":"Lensky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2008.03.003","article-title":"Climatic Trends to Extremes Employing Regional Modeling and Statistical Interpretation over the E. 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