{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T13:26:36Z","timestamp":1776345996779,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Key Laboratory of Mine Ecological Effects and Systematic Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources","award":["MEER-2023-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MEER-2023-06"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Key Laboratory of Mine Ecological Effects and Systematic Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources","award":["E2020402086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E2020402086"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Key Laboratory of Mine Ecological Effects and Systematic Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources","award":["2021-CMCU-KF014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-CMCU-KF014"]}]},{"name":"Ecological-Smart Mines Joint Research Fund of the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","award":["MEER-2023-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MEER-2023-06"]}]},{"name":"Ecological-Smart Mines Joint Research Fund of the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","award":["E2020402086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E2020402086"]}]},{"name":"Ecological-Smart Mines Joint Research Fund of the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","award":["2021-CMCU-KF014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-CMCU-KF014"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization","award":["MEER-2023-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MEER-2023-06"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization","award":["E2020402086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E2020402086"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization","award":["2021-CMCU-KF014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-CMCU-KF014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Open-pit mining activities inevitably affect the surrounding ecological environment. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify the disturbance characteristics of open-pit mining activities on the surrounding vegetation and scientifically implement ecological restoration projects. This study investigates the impact of open-pit coal mining in arid and semi-arid regions on surrounding vegetation from a vegetation phenology perspective. Initially, we construct a high-frequency time series of vegetation indices by Harmonized Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 surface reflectance dataset (HLS). These time series are then fitted using the Double Logistic and Asymmetric Gaussian methods. Subsequently, we quantify three pivotal phenological phases: Start of Season (SOS), End of Season (EOS), and Length of Season (LOS) from the fitted time series. Finally, utilizing mine boundaries as spatial units, we create a buffer zone of 100 m increments to statistically analyze changes in phenological phases. The results reveal an exponential variation in vegetation phenological metrics with increasing distance from the mining areas of Heidaigou-Haerwusu (HDG-HEWS), Mengxiang (MX), and Xingda (XD) in northwest China. Then, we propose a method to identify the disturbance range. HDG-HEWS, MX, and XD mining areas exhibit disturbance ranges of 1485.39 m, 1571.47 m, and 671.92 m for SOS, and 816.72 m, 824.73 m, and 468.92 m for EOS, respectively. Mineral dust is one of the primary factors for the difference in the disturbance range. The HDG-HEWS mining area exhibits the most significant disruption to vegetation phenological metrics, resulting in a delay of 6.4 \u00b1 3.4 days in SOS, an advancement of 4.3 \u00b1 3.9 days in the EOS, and a shortening of 6.7 \u00b1 3.5 days in the LOS. Furthermore, the overlapping disturbance zones of the two mining areas exacerbate the impact on phenological metrics, with disturbance intensities for SOS, EOS, and LOS being 1.38, 1.20, and 1.33 times those caused by a single mining area. These research results are expected to provide a reference for the formulation of dust suppression measures and ecological restoration plans for open-pit mining areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15215257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T13:24:53Z","timestamp":1699277093000},"page":"5257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Quantification of Vegetation Phenological Disturbance Characteristics in Open-Pit Coal Mines of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions Using Harmonized Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Bing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Mine Ecological Effects and Systematic Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6648-8473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peixian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Mine Ecological Effects and Systematic Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoya","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Mine Ecological Effects and Systematic Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2020.119644","article-title":"The Future of Coal Supply in China Based on Non-Fossil Energy Development and Carbon Price Strategies","volume":"220","author":"Jie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2023, April 16). 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