{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T07:21:06Z","timestamp":1770276066900,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003968","name":"Iran National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["99031132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["99031132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pollarding oak trees is a traditional silvopastoral technique practiced across wide areas of the northern Zagros mountains, a unique and vast semi-arid forest area with a strong cultural and ecological significance. So far, the effects of pollarding on tree structure in terms of DBH (diameter at breast height)~H (height) relationships within the typical pollarding cycle, which often lasts 4 years, has not been scientifically described. Here, we combine field inventories of DBH with H obtained from photogrammetric UAV flights for the first time to assess DBH~H relationships within this system. We conducted the research at six pollarded forest sites throughout the Northern Zagros. The sampling encompassed all three main species of coppice oak trees. In the case of multi-stem trees, we used the maximum DBH of each tree that formed a unique crown. A linear relationship between UAV and extracted H and the maximum DBH of pollarded trees explained a notable part of the variation in maximum DBH (R2 = 0.56), and more complex and well-known nonlinear allometries were also evaluated, for which the accuracies were in the same range as the linear model. This relationship proved to be stable across oak species, and the pollarding stage had a notable effect on the DBH~H relationship. This finding is relevant for future attempts to inventory biomass using remote sensing approaches across larger areas in northern Zagros, as well as for general DBH estimations within stands dominated by pollarded, multi-stem coppice structures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15215261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T13:24:53Z","timestamp":1699277093000},"page":"5261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Combination of UAV Photogrammetry and Field Inventories Enables Description of Height\u2013Diameter Relationship within Semi-Arid Silvopastoral Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4992-0487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arvin","family":"Fakhri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 19967-15433, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1054-889X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hooman","family":"Latifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 19967-15433, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing, Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9874-9543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyumars","family":"Mohammadi Samani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran"},{"name":"Center for Research and Development of Northern Zagros Forestry, Baneh 66919-14919, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahed","family":"Shakeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 5320-122nd St. NW, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2734-2831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamed","family":"Naghavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khorramabad 68151-44316, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1284-9573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Fassnacht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Geoinformation, Institute of Geographic Sciences, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO, and UNEP (2020). 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