{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:05:51Z","timestamp":1768262751063,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PON METRO 2014\u20132020","award":["CUP B49G17001110004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP B49G17001110004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The digital twin is one of the most promising technologies for realizing smart cities in terms of planning and management. For this purpose, Milan, Italy, has started a project to acquire aerial nadir and oblique images and LiDAR and terrestrial mobile mapping data. The Leica CityMapper-2 hybrid sensor has been used for aerial surveys as it can capture precise and high-resolution multiple data (imagery and LiDAR). The surveying activities are completed, and quality checks are in progress. This paper concerns assessing aerial LiDAR data of a significant part of the metropolitan area, particularly evaluating the accuracy, precision, and congruency between strips and the point density estimation. The analysis has been conducted by exploiting a ground control network of GNSS and terrestrial LiDAR measurements created explicitly for this purpose. The vertical component has an accuracy root mean square error (RMSE) of around 5 cm, and a horizontal component of around 12 cm. Meanwhile, the precision RMSE ranges from 2 to 8 cm. These values are suitable for generating products such as DSM\/DTM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15215263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T13:24:53Z","timestamp":1699277093000},"page":"5263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Assessment of Leica CityMapper-2 LiDAR Data within Milan\u2019s Digital Twin Project"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3921-5178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marica","family":"Franzini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2086-7931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittorio Marco","family":"Casella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Monti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technological and Digital Innovation Department, Data Interoperability Area, Municipality of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bot\u00edn-Sanabria, D.M., Mihaita, S., Peimbert-Garc\u00eda, R.E., Ram\u00edrez-Moreno, M.A., Ram\u00edrez-Mendoza, R.A., and Lozoya-Santos, J.d.J. 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