{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T17:10:09Z","timestamp":1789233009563,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42061057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42061057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Land Surface GNSS Reflection Simulator (LAGRS)-Soil model represents a significant advancement in soil moisture detection with the aid of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Occultation Sounder-Reflectometry (GNOS-R) technology, which is one payload of the Fengyun-3E (FY-3E) satellite that was launched on 5 July 2021. To fully exploit the properties of noncoherent scattering, the LAGRS-Soil model has the capability to calculate DDM information for different observational geometries, which relies on the random surface scattering models employed in LAGRS-Soil. This will provide a comprehensive understanding of soil moisture dynamics across diverse terrains and environments. One of the most notable features of LAGRS-Soil is its ability to obtain DDMs for full polarizations, which enhances soil moisture retrievals compared to current methods that only utilize the commonly used LR polarization (left-hand circular polarization received and right-hand circular polarization transmitted). Meanwhile, the model can also capture frozen soil DDMs which holds immense potential for near-surface Freezing\/Thawing (F\/T) detection, opening up new research and application opportunities in cold climate regions. LAGRS-Soil is built on microwave scattering models, making it a robust and efficient theoretical model for the FY-3E GNOS-R payload. This model can support ongoing soil moisture retrieval efforts by combining physical models with investigations of diffuse scattering and polarization capabilities for soil moisture detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15225296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T08:08:58Z","timestamp":1699517338000},"page":"5296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["LAGRS-Soil: A Full-Polarization GNSS-Reflectometry Model for Bare Soil Applications in FY-3E GNOS-R Payload"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2707-024X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuerui","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"},{"name":"School of Resources, Environment and Architectural Engineering, Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinqiu","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Urban Planning & Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou 510060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junming","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Centers, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Subject Service Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing 200030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architectural Engineering, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Yanjiao 065201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1109\/MGRS.2014.2374220","article-title":"Tutorial on Remote Sensing Using GNSS Bistatic Radar of Opportunity","volume":"2","author":"Zavorotny","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. 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