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In this paper, taking the Xinjiang Shihezi oasis agriculture region as the study area, extracting the spectroscopic characterization (R, G, B, panchromatic), texture feature (entropy, mean, variance, contrast, homogeneity, angular second moment, correlation, and dissimilarity) and characteristics of vegetation index (normalized difference vegetation index\/NDVI, ratio vegetation index\/DVI, difference vegetation index\/RVI) in the cotton flowering period before and after based on GF-6 image data, four models such as the random forests (RF) and deep learning approach (U-Net, DeepLabV3+ network, Deeplabv3+ model based on attention mechanism) were used to identify cotton and to compare their accuracies. The results show that the deep learning model is better than that of the random forest model. In all the deep learning models with three kinds of feature sets, the recognition accuracy and credibility of the DeepLabV3+ model based on the attention mechanism are the highest, the overall recognition accuracy of cotton is 98.23%, and the kappa coefficient is 96.11. Using the same Deeplabv3+ model based on an attention mechanism with different input feature sets (all features and only spectroscopic characterization), the identification accuracy of the former is much higher than that of the latter. GF-6 satellite image data in the field of crop type recognition has great application potential and prospects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15225326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T02:46:47Z","timestamp":1699843607000},"page":"5326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Early Identification of Cotton Fields Based on Gf-6 Images in Arid and Semiarid Regions (China)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China"},{"name":"College of Computer and Information Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donghua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China"},{"name":"College of Computer and Information Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhu","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingwei","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer and Information Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China"},{"name":"College of Geography and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer and Information Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China"},{"name":"College of Geography and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiping","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China"},{"name":"College of Computer and Information Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China"},{"name":"College of Computer and Information Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"280","article-title":"Current situation and counter measures of the development of dryland farming in China","volume":"40","author":"Zhao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trans. 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