{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:41:18Z","timestamp":1760150478402,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]],"date-time":"2023-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42305023","42371118","BK20230432","23KJB170011","2022r002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42305023","42371118","BK20230432","23KJB170011","2022r002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award":["42305023","42371118","BK20230432","23KJB170011","2022r002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42305023","42371118","BK20230432","23KJB170011","2022r002"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","award":["42305023","42371118","BK20230432","23KJB170011","2022r002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42305023","42371118","BK20230432","23KJB170011","2022r002"]}]},{"name":"Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of NUIST","award":["42305023","42371118","BK20230432","23KJB170011","2022r002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42305023","42371118","BK20230432","23KJB170011","2022r002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spring snow cover variability over Northeast China (NEC) has a profound influence on the local grain yield and even the food security of the country, but its drivers remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the spatiotemporal features and the underlying mechanisms of spring snow cover variability over NEC during 1983\u20132018 based on the satellite-derived snow cover data and atmospheric reanalysis products. The empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis showed that the first EOF mode (EOF1) explains about 50% of the total variances and characterizes a coherent snow cover variability pattern over NEC. Further analyses suggested that the formation of the EOF1 mode is jointly affected by the atmospheric internal variability and the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly at the interannual timescale. Specifically, following a negative phase of the atmospheric teleconnection of the Polar\u2013Eurasian pattern, a prominent cyclonic circulation appears over NEC, which increases the snowfall over the east of NEC by enhancing the water vapor transport and decreases the air temperature through reducing the solar radiation and intensifying the cold advection. As a result, the snow cover has increased over NEC. Additionally, the tripole structure of the North Atlantic spring SST anomaly could excite a wave-train-type anomalous circulation propagating to NEC that further regulates the snow cover variability by altering the atmospheric dynamic and thermodynamic conditions and the resultant air temperature and snowfall. Our results have important implications on the understanding of the spring snow cover anomaly over NEC and the formulation of the local agricultural production plan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15225330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T02:46:47Z","timestamp":1699843607000},"page":"5330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Dynamics of Spring Snow Cover Variability over Northeast China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Taotao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)\/International Joint Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)\/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3843-2434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System and Resources Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1055","article-title":"Cultivated Land Resources and Grain Production Potential in the Three Northeast Provinces","volume":"48","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. 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