{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T09:29:43Z","timestamp":1775035783424,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Climatic studies of agricultural regions normally use gauge-based air temperature datasets, which are produced with interpolation methods. The informative quality of these datasets varies depending on the density of the weather stations in a particular region. A way to overcome this limitation is to use the land surface temperature calculated from satellite imagery. To show this, the MODIS land surface temperature was compared with the PTHRES gridded dataset for air temperature in the Douro Demarcated Region (Portugal) between the years 2002 and 2020. The MODIS land surface temperature was able to detect a more pronounced maritime\u2013continental gradient, a higher lapse rate, and thermal inversions in valley areas in winter. This information could prove to be crucial for farmers looking to adapt their practices and crops to extreme events, such as heat waves or heavy frost. However, the use of land surface temperature in climate studies should consider the differences in air temperature, which, on some occasions and locations, can be up to ten degrees in the summer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15225373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T01:56:29Z","timestamp":1700099789000},"page":"5373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Relationship between Land Surface Temperature and Air Temperature in the Douro Demarcated Region, Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3481-8188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe","family":"Ad\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-081 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7946-8786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helder","family":"Fraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-081 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6792-8047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-081 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6606-1787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aureliano C.","family":"Malheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-081 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8135-5078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o A.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-081 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2020.00064","article-title":"The Influence of Climate on Agricultural Decisions for Three European Crops: A Systematic Review","volume":"4","author":"Mihailescu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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