{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T03:51:37Z","timestamp":1775188297322,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YFB3901800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3901800"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YFB3901805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3901805"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["41974176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41974176"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["42174189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42174189"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022YFB3901800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3901800"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022YFB3901805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3901805"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41974176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41974176"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42174189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42174189"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exploiting their sensitivity to cloud droplets and small raindrops, Ka-band cloud radar observations are used to investigate weak stratiform precipitation over Wuhan during cooling on 16\u201317 February 2022. During cooling, the surface temperature drops by about 8 \u00b0C with the lowest value less than 0 \u00b0C because of the strong cold air from the north. The cold air lifts the warm and humid air transported by the southeasterly and southwesterly winds, causing thick stratiform clouds and persistent weak precipitation. The Ka-band radar captures the full process of stratiform cloud occurrence; light rain and then mixed rain and snow; and the characteristics of clouds and precipitation at each stage due to its fine sensitivity to small hydrometeors, whereas the reanalysis data alone cannot capture the transition to the mixed rain and snow regime, which can cause dangerous freezing rain or sleet on the ground. Hence, a detailed analysis of cooling and cold surges and their hazards to society, and their reproduction in numerical predictions, needs to use high-sensitivity radar data as much as possible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15225397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T09:23:43Z","timestamp":1700213023000},"page":"5397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["An Observation of Precipitation during Cooling with Ka-Band Cloud Radar in Wuhan, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zhiwen","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430072, China"}]},{"given":"Kaiming","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430072, China"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China"}]},{"given":"Zirui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China"}]},{"given":"Rang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430072, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"The Role of Clouds in the Climate System","volume":"121","author":"Quante","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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