{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T18:44:08Z","timestamp":1767984248738,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Qian Xuesen Youth Innovation Fund","award":["2020-QXSQNCXJJ-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-QXSQNCXJJ-01"]}]},{"name":"Qian Xuesen Youth Innovation Fund","award":["2023KJXX-104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023KJXX-104"]}]},{"name":"Young Star of Science and Technology in Shaanxi Province","award":["2020-QXSQNCXJJ-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-QXSQNCXJJ-01"]}]},{"name":"Young Star of Science and Technology in Shaanxi Province","award":["2023KJXX-104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023KJXX-104"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infrared small target detection technology is widely used in infrared search and tracking, infrared precision guidance, low and slow small aircraft detection, and other projects. Its detection ability is very important in terms of finding unknown targets as early as possible, warning in time, and allowing for enough response time for the security system. This paper combines the target characteristics of low-resolution infrared small target images and studies the infrared small target detection method under a complex background based on the attention mechanism. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) by sorting through and expanding the existing datasets, we construct a single-frame low-resolution infrared small target (SLR-IRST) dataset and evaluate the existing datasets on three aspects\u2014target number, target category, and target size; (2) to improve the pixel-level metrics of low-resolution infrared small target detection, we propose a small target detection network with two stages and a corresponding method. Regarding the SLR-IRST dataset, the proposed method is superior to the existing methods in terms of pixel-level metrics and target-level metrics and has certain advantages in model processing speed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15235539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T07:40:01Z","timestamp":1701157201000},"page":"5539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["CCRANet: A Two-Stage Local Attention Network for Single-Frame Low-Resolution Infrared Small Target Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology on Multi-Spectral Information Processing Laboratory, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6229-2852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengwang","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology on Multi-Spectral Information Processing Laboratory, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3042-6657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haofeng","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Space Technology (Xi\u2019an), Xi\u2019an 710100, China"}]},{"given":"Ruixiang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Space Technology (Xi\u2019an), Xi\u2019an 710100, China"}]},{"given":"Huaibin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Space Technology (Xi\u2019an), Xi\u2019an 710100, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5083-6357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanghui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology on Multi-Spectral Information Processing Laboratory, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4069-9680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology on Multi-Spectral Information Processing Laboratory, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology on Multi-Spectral Information Processing Laboratory, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2006.01.026","article-title":"Infrared imaging: Synchrotrons vs. arrays, resolution vs. speed","volume":"49","author":"Levenson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infrared Phys. 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