{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T18:49:59Z","timestamp":1784054999600,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Simulation and evaluation of sea ice models and sea-ice-air interactions","award":["2022YFF0802002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF0802002"]}]},{"name":"Business and scientific research of polar exploration (2023)","award":["2022YFF0802002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF0802002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The 44 years (1979\u20132022) of satellite-derived sea ice extent in the Arctic and Antarctic reveals the details and new trends in the process of polar sea ice coverage changes. The speed of Arctic sea ice extent reduction and the interannual difference significantly increased after 2004. Trend analysis suggests that the Arctic Ocean may experience an ice-free period around 2060. The maximum anomaly of Arctic sea ice extent has gradually transitioned from September to October, indicating a trend of prolonged melting period. The center of gravity of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean is biased towards the Pacific side, and the spatial distribution pattern of sea ice is greatly influenced by the Atlantic warm current. The dynamism of the sea ice extent on the Atlantic side is significantly greater than in other regions. Since 2014, the Antarctic sea ice extent has shifted from slow growth to a rapid decreasing trend; the sea ice extent reached a historical minimum in 2022, decreasing by 2.02 \u00d7 106 km2 compared to 2014. The Antarctic experiences seven months of ice growth each year and five months of ice melting period, the annual change patterns of sea ice extent in the Arctic and Antarctic are slightly different.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15235563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T12:01:00Z","timestamp":1701259260000},"page":"5563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variations and Influencing Factors of Sea Ice Extent in the Arctic and Antarctic"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting, National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8913-1837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingting","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qizhen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting, National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoming","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting, National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting, National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting, National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6606-1610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yawen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean and Spatial Information College, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting, National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting, National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/2013RG000431","article-title":"Arctic sea ice in transformation: A review of recent observed changes and impacts on biology and human activity","volume":"52","author":"Meier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. 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