{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T21:17:43Z","timestamp":1762377463658,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Technology R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2022YFB3904805","2019YFC0214702","42305139","2016A030310115","05-Y30B01-9001-19\/20-3","SCAPC202110","DQGG0102","DQGG0205","XDA23020301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3904805","2019YFC0214702","42305139","2016A030310115","05-Y30B01-9001-19\/20-3","SCAPC202110","DQGG0102","DQGG0205","XDA23020301"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022YFB3904805","2019YFC0214702","42305139","2016A030310115","05-Y30B01-9001-19\/20-3","SCAPC202110","DQGG0102","DQGG0205","XDA23020301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3904805","2019YFC0214702","42305139","2016A030310115","05-Y30B01-9001-19\/20-3","SCAPC202110","DQGG0102","DQGG0205","XDA23020301"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["2022YFB3904805","2019YFC0214702","42305139","2016A030310115","05-Y30B01-9001-19\/20-3","SCAPC202110","DQGG0102","DQGG0205","XDA23020301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3904805","2019YFC0214702","42305139","2016A030310115","05-Y30B01-9001-19\/20-3","SCAPC202110","DQGG0102","DQGG0205","XDA23020301"]}]},{"name":"Major Projects of High Resolution Earth Observation Systems of National Science and Technology","award":["2022YFB3904805","2019YFC0214702","42305139","2016A030310115","05-Y30B01-9001-19\/20-3","SCAPC202110","DQGG0102","DQGG0205","XDA23020301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3904805","2019YFC0214702","42305139","2016A030310115","05-Y30B01-9001-19\/20-3","SCAPC202110","DQGG0102","DQGG0205","XDA23020301"]}]},{"name":"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex","award":["2022YFB3904805","2019YFC0214702","42305139","2016A030310115","05-Y30B01-9001-19\/20-3","SCAPC202110","DQGG0102","DQGG0205","XDA23020301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3904805","2019YFC0214702","42305139","2016A030310115","05-Y30B01-9001-19\/20-3","SCAPC202110","DQGG0102","DQGG0205","XDA23020301"]}]},{"name":"National Key Project for Causes and Control of Heavy Air Pollution","award":["2022YFB3904805","2019YFC0214702","42305139","2016A030310115","05-Y30B01-9001-19\/20-3","SCAPC202110","DQGG0102","DQGG0205","XDA23020301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3904805","2019YFC0214702","42305139","2016A030310115","05-Y30B01-9001-19\/20-3","SCAPC202110","DQGG0102","DQGG0205","XDA23020301"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2022YFB3904805","2019YFC0214702","42305139","2016A030310115","05-Y30B01-9001-19\/20-3","SCAPC202110","DQGG0102","DQGG0205","XDA23020301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3904805","2019YFC0214702","42305139","2016A030310115","05-Y30B01-9001-19\/20-3","SCAPC202110","DQGG0102","DQGG0205","XDA23020301"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Under the control of the Montreal Protocol and its amendments, hydrofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are used as temporary substitutes for ozone-depleting substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons, and are regulated for consumption and production. China plans to phase out HCFCs by 2030, and HCFC-22 (CHClF2) is currently the most abundant HCFC in the atmosphere. This study measures the vertical profiles and total columns of atmospheric HCFC-22 from January 2017 to December 2022, based on the mid-infrared solar spectra recorded by the ground-based high-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer at the Hefei remote sensing station. The HCFC-22 total columns over Hefei increased from 2017\u20132018 and gradually decreased in 2018\u20132022, with an annual variation rate of 5.98% and \u22121.02% \u00b1 0.02%, respectively. Compared with the ACE-FTS satellite independent dataset, the FTIR data indicate good consistency with the ACE-FTS data at a 5\u201325 km altitude, with an average relative difference of \u22124.38 \u00b1 0.83% between the vertical profiles. HCFC-22 emissions in the Yangtze River Delta from 2017 to 2022 are estimated, derived from measured total columns combined with the Lagrangian transport model and the Bayesian inversion technique. In the Yangtze River Delta, HCFC-22 emissions were high in 2017, with a value of 33.3 \u00b1 16.8 kt, and decreased from 2018 to 2022, with a minimum of 27.3 \u00b1 13.6 kt in 2022 during the observations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15235590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T04:12:56Z","timestamp":1701403976000},"page":"5590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Detection of Atmospheric Hydrofluorocarbon-22 with Ground-Based Remote High-Resolution Fourier Transform Spectroscopy over Hefei and an Estimation of Emissions in the Yangtze River Delta"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}]},{"given":"Changgong","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2680-4050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automation, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4574-7872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1038\/249810a0","article-title":"Stratospheric Sink for Chlorofluoromethanes: Chlorine Atom-Catalysed Destruction of Ozone","volume":"249","author":"Molina","year":"1974","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Ko, M., Newman, P., Reimann, S., Strahan, S., Plumb, R., Stolarski, R., Burkholder, J., Mellouki, W., Engel, A., and Atlas, E. 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