{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:43:57Z","timestamp":1760150637135,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Youth Science &amp; Technology Project of the Meteorological Observation Centre of the China Meteorological Administration","award":["202304","2022007","202204001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202304","2022007","202204001"]}]},{"name":"Ecological Environment Research Project of Jiangsu Province","award":["202304","2022007","202204001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202304","2022007","202204001"]}]},{"name":"Science &amp; Technology Project of Beijing Meteorological Bureau","award":["202304","2022007","202204001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202304","2022007","202204001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parameter estimation is important in weather radar signal processing. Time-domain processing (TDP) and frequency-domain processing (FDP) are two basic parameter estimation methods used in the weather radar field. TDP is widely used in operational weather radars because of its high efficiency and robustness; however, it must be assumed that the received signal has a symmetrical or Gaussian power spectrum, which limits its performance. FDP does not require assumptions about its power spectrum model and has a seamless connection to spectrum analysis; however, its application performance has not been fully validated to ensure its robustness in an operational environment. In this study, we introduce several technical details in FDP, including window function selection, aliasing correction, and noise correction. Additionally, we evaluate the performance of FDP and compare the performance of FDP and TDP based on simulated and measured weather in-phase\/quadrature (I\/Q) data. The results show that FDP has potential for operational applications; however, further improvements are required, e.g., windowing processing for signals mixed with severe clutter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15235624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T12:15:14Z","timestamp":1701692114000},"page":"5624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Weather Radar Parameter Estimation Based on Frequency Domain Processing: Technical Details and Performance Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shuai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radar Meteorological Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Yubao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radar Meteorological Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Zhifeng","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Haifeng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huayun Metstar Radar Co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Meteorological Observation Centre, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radar Meteorological Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radar Meteorological Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1175\/JHM-D-19-0194.1","article-title":"A dual-polarization radar synthetic QPE for operations","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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