{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T18:25:20Z","timestamp":1781979920022,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D program of China","award":["2019YFA0606702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFA0606702"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D program of China","award":["42006177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42006177"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D program of China","award":["42176222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42176222"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D program of China","award":["91858202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91858202"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D program of China","award":["41776003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41776003"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation China","award":["2019YFA0606702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFA0606702"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation China","award":["42006177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42006177"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation China","award":["42176222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42176222"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation China","award":["91858202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91858202"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation China","award":["41776003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41776003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Agulhas Return Current (ARC), as a primary component of the Agulhas system, contributes to water exchange and mass transport between the southern portions of the Indian and Atlantic Ocean basins. In this study, satellite altimeter data and reanalysis datasets, and a new set of criteria for the piecewise definition of the jet axis are used to explore the long-term change of the ARC\u2019s axis position in recent three decades. It is found that the ARC axis exhibits a significant slanting trend with its western part (35\u201348\u00b0E) migrating northward and the eastern part (48\u201370\u00b0E) migrating southward. The meridional movement of the ARC path could be attributed to large-scale wind forcing. The anomalous surface wind stress curl, by Ekman pumping mechanism, leads to positive\u2013negative\u2013positive sea surface height anomalies in the western section and negative\u2013positive\u2013negative anomalies in the eastern section, thus the ARC axis tilts accordingly, in a northwest\u2013southeast direction. Further analysis suggests that this ARC slanting trend is more dependent on the southward shift of the downstream axis and less on the topographic steering upstream. The downstream axis is more likely to interact with the ACC fronts and its migration could dominate the local EKE pattern by changing the background circulation and energy cascade direction. For the headstream west of 35\u00b0E, the ARC axis is more subject to topography, thus the EKE change is more dominated by eddy activity processes, including shedding, propagation and merging. This study provides some new insights into the long-term change of ARC and its interaction with the local EKE variability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15245652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T03:35:31Z","timestamp":1701920131000},"page":"5652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Inclination Trend of the Agulhas Return Current Path in Three Decades"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liru","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8778-2188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongxiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L12602","DOI":"10.1029\/2009GL037987","article-title":"Warming in the Agulhas Current system since the 1980\u2019s","volume":"36","author":"Rouault","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geophys. 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