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The climatic regions of the western United States are particularly at risk from increasing drought, fire, and pest interactions. Existing methods for quantifying drought stress and a tree\u2019s relative resilience against disturbances mostly use moderate-scale (20\u201330 m) multispectral satellite sensor data. However, tree water status (i.e., water stress) quantification using sensors like Landsat and Sentinel are error-prone given that the spectral reflectance of pixels are a mixture of the dominant tree canopy, surface vegetation, and soil. Uncrewed aerial systems (UAS) equipped with multispectral sensors could potentially provide individual tree water status. In this study, we assess whether the simulated band equivalent reflectance (BER) of a common UAS optical multispectral sensor can accurately quantify the foliar moisture content and water stress status of individual trees. To achieve this, water was withheld from groups of Douglas-fir and western white pine saplings. Then, measurements of each sapling\u2019s foliar moisture content (FMC) and spectral reflectance were converted to BER of a consumer-grade multispectral camera commonly used on UAS. These bands were used in two classification models and three regression models to develop a best-performing FMC model for predicting either the water status (i.e., drought-stressed or healthy) or the foliar moisture content of each sapling, respectively. Our top-performing models were a logistic regression classification and a multiple linear regression which achieved a classification accuracy of 96.55% and an r2 of 82.62, respectively. These FMC models could provide an important tool for investigating tree crown level water stress, as well as drought interactions with other disturbances, and provide land managers with a vital indicator of tree resilience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15245703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T09:15:33Z","timestamp":1702372533000},"page":"5703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluating Predictive Models of Tree Foliar Moisture Content for Application to Multispectral UAS Data: A Laboratory Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7396-0694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Lad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, 1472 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4668-7624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wade T.","family":"Tinkham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rocky Mountain Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, 240 W Prospect Road, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1286-3770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron M.","family":"Sparks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1133, Moscow, ID 83844, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0071-9958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alistair M. S.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Spatial Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 3025, Moscow, ID 83844, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Andrews, P.L., and Butler, B.W. (2006). Fuels Management-How to Measure Success: Conference Proceedings, Portland, OR, USA, 28\u201330 March 2006, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Proceedings RMRS-P-41."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Martin-Stpaul, N., Ruffault, J., Pimont, F., and Dupuy, J. (2018). Advances in Forest Fire Research 2018, Coimbra University Press."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jolly, W., and Johnson, D. (2018). Pyro-Ecophysiology: Shifting the Paradigm of Live Wildland Fuel Research. 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