{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:42:46Z","timestamp":1760150566677,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Funds of Shanghai","award":["21ZR1465600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21ZR1465600"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although deformations are mostly insignificant, they can be catastrophic when accumulated to certain amounts. Precise point positioning (PPP) can work with one receiver, preventing problems caused by the base station constrain upon employment of current methods such as real-time kinematics (RTK). However, current methods employing PPP focus on high-frequency monitoring such as earthquake or geological calamity monitoring, and these methods are not suitable for structures. Thus, this study proposes a new method for the deformation monitoring of structures via PPP. First, we obtained the coordinate sequence of structures via static PPP when setting the interval. Then, we transformed the coordinates to the same coordinate system with the same basis. Finally, we decomposed the sequences via empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to obtain a low-frequency part, which is the deformation of the target structure. The result of the monitoring experimentation on IGS stations shows that the monitoring index, Sd, of the sequence under different intervals using this method could be 1\u20132 mm on average in the directions of E, N, and U, which is much better than the original monitoring sequence. Alongside that, it prevented a fall in accuracy when the interval decreased. Therefore, all results proved the feasibility and validity of the method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15245743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T11:26:52Z","timestamp":1702639612000},"page":"5743","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A New Method for Deformation Monitoring of Structures by Precise Point Positioning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ruihui","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4414-608X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zijian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi 930-8555, Japan"}]},{"given":"Junyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"}]},{"given":"Haibo","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, Y., Huang, G., Zhang, Q., Gao, Y., and Gao, Y. 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