{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:46:08Z","timestamp":1760150768706,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["12073034","12003041","XAB2018B19","XAB2018YDYL01","xbzg-zdsys-202120","XAB2021YN25","2022KW-29","E167SC14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12073034","12003041","XAB2018B19","XAB2018YDYL01","xbzg-zdsys-202120","XAB2021YN25","2022KW-29","E167SC14"]}]},{"name":"Youth Science Fund Project","award":["12073034","12003041","XAB2018B19","XAB2018YDYL01","xbzg-zdsys-202120","XAB2021YN25","2022KW-29","E167SC14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12073034","12003041","XAB2018B19","XAB2018YDYL01","xbzg-zdsys-202120","XAB2021YN25","2022KW-29","E167SC14"]}]},{"name":"Western Young Scholars Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["12073034","12003041","XAB2018B19","XAB2018YDYL01","xbzg-zdsys-202120","XAB2021YN25","2022KW-29","E167SC14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12073034","12003041","XAB2018B19","XAB2018YDYL01","xbzg-zdsys-202120","XAB2021YN25","2022KW-29","E167SC14"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) \u201cLight of West China\u201d Program","award":["12073034","12003041","XAB2018B19","XAB2018YDYL01","xbzg-zdsys-202120","XAB2021YN25","2022KW-29","E167SC14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12073034","12003041","XAB2018B19","XAB2018YDYL01","xbzg-zdsys-202120","XAB2021YN25","2022KW-29","E167SC14"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015401","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12073034","12003041","XAB2018B19","XAB2018YDYL01","xbzg-zdsys-202120","XAB2021YN25","2022KW-29","E167SC14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12073034","12003041","XAB2018B19","XAB2018YDYL01","xbzg-zdsys-202120","XAB2021YN25","2022KW-29","E167SC14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015401","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)","award":["12073034","12003041","XAB2018B19","XAB2018YDYL01","xbzg-zdsys-202120","XAB2021YN25","2022KW-29","E167SC14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12073034","12003041","XAB2018B19","XAB2018YDYL01","xbzg-zdsys-202120","XAB2021YN25","2022KW-29","E167SC14"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The BeiDou-3 system (BDS-3) broadcasts PPP-B2b signals to provide real-time PPP service. Compared with the traditional PPP technique, the PPP-B2b service broadcasts corrections through satellite links, covers a wide area, and is independent of the internet. With the PPP-B2b service, users can obtain high-precision positioning information through the real-time PPP. Many studies have been conducted to evaluate the positioning performance of PPP-B2b. In theory, high-precision timing information could also be obtained through PPP-B2b. With the development of science and technology, the need for highly accurate time measurement, even at the sub-nanosecond level, is experiencing significant growth. However, the GNSS standard timing service can hardly meet these requirements. This contribution analyzes the timing performance of the PPP-B2b service and proposes a sub-nanosecond precise timing method of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) based on the PPP-B2b service. BDS-3 and GPS observations from nine tracking stations and real-time collected PPP-B2b corrections over 516 days were used to analyze the performance of the proposed timing method. The results show that: (1) The difference between the PPP-B2b-restored UTC, which was realized by one-way timing with the UTC offsets in broadcast ephemeris, and UTC (NTSC), fluctuates within a few ns. (2) The timing uncertainty of the zero baseline based on the proposed method is better than 0.2 ns. (3) Compared with the post-processed PPP time transfer, the UTC dissemination uncertainty of the short and long baseline with the proposed method is better than 0.7 ns. The experiment results verified the feasibility of the proposed sub-nanosecond level precise UTC dissemination method based on the PPP-B2b service.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16010043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T08:16:02Z","timestamp":1703146562000},"page":"43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sub-Nanosecond UTC Dissemination Based on BDS-3 PPP-B2b Service"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2586-5575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Time Reference and Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2535-7503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baoqi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Time Reference and Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5688-6937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Time Reference and Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Time Reference and Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Time Reference and Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Time Reference and Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Meifang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Time Reference and Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Yuanxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Time Reference and Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Changjiang","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Test and Assessment Research Center of China Satellite Navigation Office, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Xuhai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Time Reference and Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Wu, H., Li, B., and Wu, J. 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