{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T21:18:10Z","timestamp":1762377490459,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Space Applications Centre (SAC) a major centre of Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), Ahmedabad, India"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Timely detection of pest infestation in agricultural crops plays a pivotal role in the planning and execution of pest management interventions. In this study, a ground measured electromagnetic spectrum through hyperspectral sensing (400\u20132500 nm) was conducted in healthy and aphid-infested mustard crops in different regions of the Bharatpur district of Rajasthan state, India. The ground measured hyperspectral reflectance and its derivatives during the mustard aphid infestation period were used to identify the sensitive spectral regions in the electromagnetic spectrum concerning Aphid Infestation Severity Grade (AISG) to discriminate Lipaphis-infested mustard crops from the healthy ones. Further Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) were utilized to identify specific spectral bands to differentiate the healthy from aphid-infested crops. The spectral regions of 493\u2013497 nm (blue), 509\u2013515 nm (green), 690\u2013714 nm (red), 717\u2013721 nm (red edge), and 752\u2013756 nm (NIR) showed high correlation with AISG for reflectance, first and second order derivatives. Further analysis of the spectra using PCA and PLSR indicated that spectral bands of 679 nm, 746 nm, and 979 nm had high sensitivity for discriminating aphid-infested crops from the healthy ones. Average reflectance and various spectral indices such as ratio spectral index (RSI), difference spectral index (DSI), and normalized difference spectral index (NDSI) of identified spectral regions and absolute reflectance of identified specific spectral bands were used for predicting AISG. Several regression models, including PCR and PLSR, were examined to predict the AISG. PLSR was found to better predict infestation grade with RMSE of 0.66 and r2 0.71. Our outcomes counseled that hyperspectral reflectance data have the ability to detect aphid-infested severity in mustard.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16010047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T10:53:52Z","timestamp":1703156032000},"page":"47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Detection of Aphid-Infested Mustard Crop Using Ground Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8537-2433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karunesh K.","family":"Shukla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-National Research Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi 110068, India"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Nigam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad 380015, India"}]},{"given":"Ajanta","family":"Birah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-National Research Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi 110068, India"}]},{"given":"A. K.","family":"Kanojia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-National Research Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi 110068, India"}]},{"given":"Anoop","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-National Research Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi 110068, India"}]},{"given":"Bimal K.","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad 380015, India"}]},{"given":"Subhash","family":"Chander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-National Research Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi 110068, India"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"DAC (2022, May 15). Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Corporation. 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