{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:46:56Z","timestamp":1760150816529,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]],"date-time":"2023-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFC2802501","41875025","2021JJ10047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2802501","41875025","2021JJ10047"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021YFC2802501","41875025","2021JJ10047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2802501","41875025","2021JJ10047"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021YFC2802501","41875025","2021JJ10047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2802501","41875025","2021JJ10047"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cloud phase is one of the most important parameters of clouds. In this paper, we propose a method for cloud phase classification that synergistically utilizes the far- and thermal-infrared bands based on the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement West Antarctic Radiation Experiment (AWARE) observatory in 2016. The possible features in the far- and thermal-infrared bands are analyzed based on the differences in the simulated cloud brightness temperature (BT) spectra with different cloud phases. Using the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, four features are determined to identify the cloud phase, which include the BT at 900 cm\u22121, the slope of the fitted function of BT in the 900\u20131000 cm\u22121 interval, the BT difference (BTD) between 512 cm\u22121 and 726 cm\u22121, and the BTD between 550 cm\u22121 and 726 cm\u22121. Here, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated with Shupe\u2019s and Turner\u2019s method. The monthly average accuracy of the proposed method, the method without the two far-infrared features, and Turner\u2019s method are about 76%, 36%, and 49%, respectively, which infer the good performance of the proposed method and also indicate that the far-infrared band features can effectively enhance cloud phase classification. It is notable that, compared to Shupe\u2019s method, the accuracy for the proposed method is only 61% during the Antarctic summer, which results from the definitions of cloud phase and radiative effect. In addition, the accuracy is only 44% for Turner\u2019s method in seasons with a low frequency of mixed clouds due to the significant effect of water vapor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16010071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]],"date-time":"2023-12-24T20:48:37Z","timestamp":1703450917000},"page":"71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Using Downwelling Far- and Thermal-Infrared Hyperspectral Radiance for Cloud Phase Classification in the Antarctic"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9437-8801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"},{"name":"High Impact Weather Key Laboratory of CMA, Changsha 410073, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9330-4315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"},{"name":"High Impact Weather Key Laboratory of CMA, Changsha 410073, China"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"},{"name":"High Impact Weather Key Laboratory of CMA, Changsha 410073, China"}]},{"given":"Hailing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"},{"name":"High Impact Weather Key Laboratory of CMA, Changsha 410073, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Synergistic Use of Far- and Mid-Infrared Spectral Radiances for Satellite-Based Detection of Polar Ice Clouds Over Ocean","volume":"127","author":"Peterson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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