{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:45:41Z","timestamp":1760150741396,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]],"date-time":"2023-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Youth Cross Team Scientific Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["JCTD-2021-10","42074042","42104032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCTD-2021-10","42074042","42104032"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JCTD-2021-10","42074042","42104032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCTD-2021-10","42074042","42104032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The global navigation satellite system radio occultation (GNSS-RO) is an important means of space-based meteorological observation. It is necessary to test the Global Navigation Satellite System Occultation signal receiver on the ground before the deployment of space-based occultation detection systems. The current approach of testing the GNSS signal receiver on the ground is mainly the mountaintop-based testing approach, which has problems such as high cost and large simulation error. In order to overcome the limitations of the mountaintop-based test approach, this paper proposes an accurate, repeatable, and controllable GNSS atmospheric occultation simulation system and builds a load performance evaluation approach based on the ground-based GNSS atmospheric occultation simulation system on the basis of it. The GNSS atmospheric occultation simulation system consists of the visualization and interaction module, the GNSS-RO simulation signal generation module, the GNSS-RO simulator module, the GNSS-RO signal receiver module, and the GNSS-RO inversion and evaluation module, combined with the preset atmospheric model to generate GNSS-RO simulation signals with a high degree of simulation, and comparing the atmospheric parameters of the inversion performance of the GNSS-RO signal receiver with the parameters of the preset atmospheric model to obtain the error data. The overall performance of the GNSS-RO signal receiver can be evaluated based on the error information. The novel approach to evaluate the GNSS-RO signal receiver performance proposed in this paper is validated by using the FY-3E (FengYun-3E) receiver qualification parts that have been verified in orbit, and the results confirm that the approach can meet the requirements of the GNSS-RO receiver performance test. This study shows that the novel approach to evaluate the GNSS-RO signal receiver performance in terms of the ground-based atmospheric occultation simulation system can efficiently and accurately be used to carry out the receiver test and provides an effective solution for the ground-based test of GNSS-RO signal receivers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16010087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]],"date-time":"2023-12-25T23:00:12Z","timestamp":1703545212000},"page":"87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Novel Approach to Evaluate GNSS-RO Signal Receiver Performance in Terms of Ground-Based Atmospheric Occultation Simulation System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC\/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC\/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Yueqiang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC\/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC\/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Weihua","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC\/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC\/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Qifei","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC\/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC\/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2438-6900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC\/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC\/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Dongwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC\/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC\/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2660-1931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Congliang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC\/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC\/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Fu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC\/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC\/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Shengyu","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Hongqing","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-6180-2014-134","article-title":"An overview of GNSS remote sensing","volume":"2014","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"EURASIP J. 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