{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:45:44Z","timestamp":1760150744515,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Excellence initiative\u2014research university"},{"name":"AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics, and Environmental Protection"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The impact of mining effects is undoubtedly an important research topic, especially in the case of assessing the effects of postmining factors. This study examines the drought in the Olkusz region using satellite imagery (Sentinel-2) and remote sensing indices. The analysis reveals that the region experienced multiple types of drought, including hydrogeological drought due to groundwater level lowering caused by mining activities, agricultural drought resulting from insufficient soil moisture, hydrological drought characterized by reduced water flow in rivers, and meteorological drought linked to decreased precipitation and high temperatures. This study demonstrates the usefulness of optical imaging and remote sensing indices in monitoring and assessing drought conditions. The results indicate significant changes in vegetation health and water content, as well as alterations to the natural environment within the region. This research highlights the importance of considering both human-induced and natural factors when evaluating drought phenomena. Continued monitoring and expansion of the study area would provide valuable insights into the long-term effects of weather conditions and the broader impacts on the ecosystem.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16010111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T02:58:12Z","timestamp":1703645892000},"page":"111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Why Rivers Disappear\u2014Remote Sensing Analysis of Postmining Factors Using the Example of the Szto\u0142a River, Poland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4870-0298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Lupa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geoinformatics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Pe\u0142ka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geoinformatics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4273-1162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariusz","family":"M\u0142ynarczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geoinformatics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4454-0011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Staszel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geoinformatics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Adamek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geoinformatics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.111291","article-title":"Remote Sensing for Drought Monitoring & Impact Assessment: Progress, Past Challenges and Future Opportunities","volume":"232","author":"West","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens. 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