{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T13:04:53Z","timestamp":1775480693481,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Innovation, Industry, Tourism and Trade of the Regional Government of Cantabria","award":["2016\/INN\/25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/INN\/25"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper addresses the conservation problems of the cave of Altamira, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Santillana del Mar, Cantabria, Spain, due to the effects of moisture and water inside the cave. The study focuses on the description of methods for estimating the trajectory and zones of humidity from the external environment to its eventual dripping on valuable cave paintings. To achieve this objective, several multisensor remote sensing techniques, both aerial and terrestrial, such as 3D laser scanning, a 2D ground penetrating radar, photogrammetry with unmanned aerial vehicles, and high-resolution terrestrial techniques are employed. These tools allow a detailed spatial analysis of the moisture and water in the cave. The paper highlights the importance of the dolomitic layer in the cave and how it influences the preservation of the ceiling, which varies according to its position, whether it is sealed with calcium carbonate, actively dripping, or not dripping. In addition, the crucial role of the central fracture and the areas of direct water infiltration in this process is examined. This research aids in understanding and conserving the site. It offers a novel approach to water-induced deterioration in rock art for professionals and researchers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16010197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T05:50:38Z","timestamp":1704261038000},"page":"197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Multisensory Analysis of the Moisture Course of the Cave of Altamira (Spain): Implications for Its Conservation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3656-7995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente","family":"Bayarri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GIM Geomatics, S.L. C\/Conde Torreanaz 8, 39300 Torrelavega, Spain"},{"name":"Polytechnic School, Universidad Europea del Atl\u00e1ntico, Parque Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico de Cantabria, C\/Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Prada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museo Nacional y Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de Altamira, Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola, S\/N, 39330 Santillana del Mar, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1488-2764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cartographic Engineering, Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera, s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"De Las Heras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museo Nacional y Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de Altamira, Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola, S\/N, 39330 Santillana del Mar, Spain"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Fat\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museo Nacional y Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de Altamira, Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola, S\/N, 39330 Santillana del Mar, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/arp.1513","article-title":"A Geophysical Tool for the Conservation of a Decorated Cave\u2014A Case Study for the Lascaux Cave","volume":"22","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archaeol. 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