{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T10:56:48Z","timestamp":1774436208092,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["PID2022-139156OB-C21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-139156OB-C21"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["LE005P20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LE005P20"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["PRX22\/00305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRX22\/00305"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["PRX22\/00307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRX22\/00307"]}]},{"name":"Regional Government of Castile and Le\u00f3n","award":["PID2022-139156OB-C21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-139156OB-C21"]}]},{"name":"Regional Government of Castile and Le\u00f3n","award":["LE005P20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LE005P20"]}]},{"name":"Regional Government of Castile and Le\u00f3n","award":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Regional Government of Castile and Le\u00f3n","award":["PRX22\/00305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRX22\/00305"]}]},{"name":"Regional Government of Castile and Le\u00f3n","award":["PRX22\/00307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRX22\/00307"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["PID2022-139156OB-C21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-139156OB-C21"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["LE005P20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LE005P20"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["PRX22\/00305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRX22\/00305"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["PRX22\/00307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRX22\/00307"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Education Ministry","award":["PID2022-139156OB-C21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-139156OB-C21"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Education Ministry","award":["LE005P20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LE005P20"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Education Ministry","award":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Education Ministry","award":["PRX22\/00305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRX22\/00305"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Education Ministry","award":["PRX22\/00307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRX22\/00307"]}]},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n Areces Foundation","award":["PID2022-139156OB-C21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-139156OB-C21"]}]},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n Areces Foundation","award":["LE005P20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LE005P20"]}]},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n Areces Foundation","award":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n Areces Foundation","award":["PRX22\/00305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRX22\/00305"]}]},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n Areces Foundation","award":["PRX22\/00307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRX22\/00307"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wildfires represent a significant threat to both ecosystems and human assets in Mediterranean countries, where fire occurrence is frequent and often devastating. Accurate assessments of the initial fire severity are required for management and mitigation efforts of the negative impacts of fire. Evapotranspiration (ET) is a crucial hydrological process that links vegetation health and water availability, making it a valuable indicator for understanding fire dynamics and ecosystem recovery after wildfires. This study uses the Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution with Internalized Calibration (eeMETRIC) and Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) ET models based on Landsat imagery to estimate fire severity in five large forest fires that occurred in Spain and Portugal in 2022 from two perspectives: uni- and bi-temporal (post\/pre-fire ratio). Using-fine-spatial resolution ET is particularly relevant for heterogeneous Mediterranean landscapes with different vegetation types and water availability. ET was significantly affected by fire severity according to eeMETRIC (F &gt; 431.35; p-value &lt; 0.001) and SSEBop (F &gt; 373.83; p-value &lt; 0.001) metrics, with reductions of 61.46% and 63.92%, respectively, after the wildfire event. A Random Forest machine learning algorithm was used to predict fire severity. We achieved higher accuracy (0.60 &lt; Kappa &lt; 0.67) when employing both ET models (eeMETRIC and SSEBop) as predictors compared to utilizing the conventional differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) index, which resulted in a Kappa value of 0.46. We conclude that both fine resolution ET models are valid to be used as indicators of fire severity in Mediterranean countries. This research highlights the importance of Landsat-based ET models as accurate tools to improve the initial analysis of fire severity in Mediterranean countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16020361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T08:12:37Z","timestamp":1705392757000},"page":"361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Improving Fire Severity Analysis in Mediterranean Environments: A Comparative Study of eeMETRIC and SSEBop Landsat-Based Evapotranspiration Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6204-2319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Quintano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronic Technology Department, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Manso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA"},{"name":"Agrarian Science and Engineering Department, University of Le\u00f3n, Av. Astorga s\/n, 24400 Ponferrada, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6065-3981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Guisuraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e de Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3555-4842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dar A.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s42408-023-00232-0","article-title":"Fuel build-up promotes an increase in fire severity of reburned areas in fire-prone ecosystems of the western Mediterranean Basin","volume":"19","author":"Calvo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fire Ecol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koutsias, N., Karamitsou, A., Nioti, F., and Coutelieris, F. 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