{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T16:41:06Z","timestamp":1776703266140,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program","award":["2019QZKK0103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0103"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program","award":["42230610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42230610"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program","award":["U2242208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2242208"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program","award":["41830650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41830650"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program","award":["2022C35070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022C35070"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2019QZKK0103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0103"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42230610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42230610"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["U2242208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2242208"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41830650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41830650"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022C35070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022C35070"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province","award":["2019QZKK0103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0103"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province","award":["42230610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42230610"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province","award":["U2242208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2242208"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province","award":["41830650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41830650"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province","award":["2022C35070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022C35070"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the continuous improvement of urbanization levels in the Lhasa area, the urban heat island effect (UHI) has seriously affected the ecological environment of the region. However, the satellite-based thermal infrared land surface temperature (LST), commonly used for UHI research, is affected by cloudy weather, resulting in a lack of continuous spatial and temporal information. In this study, focusing on the Lhasa region, we combine simulated LST data obtained by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with remote sensing-based LST data to reconstruct the all-weather LST for March, June, September, and December of 2020 at a resolution of 0.01\u00b0 while using the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST as a reference (in terms of accuracy). Subsequently, based on the reconstructed LST, an analysis of the UHI was conducted to obtain the spatiotemporal distribution of UHI in the Lhasa region under all-weather LST conditions. The results demonstrate that the reconstructed LST effectively captures the expected spatial distribution characteristics with high accuracy, with an average root mean square error of 2.20 K, an average mean absolute error of 1.51 K, and a correlation coefficient consistently higher than 0.9. Additionally, the heat island effect in the Lhasa region is primarily observed during the spring and winter seasons, with the heat island intensity remaining relatively stable in winter. The results of this study provide a new reference method for the reconstruction of all-weather LST, thereby improving the research accuracy of urban thermal environment from the perspective of foundational data. Additionally, it offers a theoretical basis for the governance of UHI in the Lhasa region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16020373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T07:41:28Z","timestamp":1705477288000},"page":"373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluating the Reconstructed All-Weather Land Surface Temperature for Urban Heat Island Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xuepeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Big Data Technology, Nanhu Laboratory, Jiaxing 314000, China"}]},{"given":"Chunchun","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Urban Meteorology, Beijing 100089, China"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Big Data Technology, Nanhu Laboratory, Jiaxing 314000, China"}]},{"given":"Yingshuang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Big Data Technology, Nanhu Laboratory, Jiaxing 314000, China"}]},{"given":"Yaoming","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Weiqiang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}]},{"given":"Zhiheng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application, Beijing 100094, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.08.027","article-title":"New refinements and validation of the collection-6 MODIS land-surface temperature\/emissivity product","volume":"140","author":"Wan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens. 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