{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T20:32:27Z","timestamp":1771705947793,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Proof of Concept Foundation of Xidian University Hangzhou Institute of Technology","award":["XJ2023230036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XJ2023230036"]}]},{"name":"Proof of Concept Foundation of Xidian University Hangzhou Institute of Technology","award":["GXKL06230203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GXKL06230203"]}]},{"name":"Proof of Concept Foundation of Xidian University Hangzhou Institute of Technology","award":["62001062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62001062"]}]},{"name":"Proof of Concept Foundation of Xidian University Hangzhou Institute of Technology","award":["62301408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62301408"]}]},{"name":"Opening Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Wideband Communication and Signal Processing","award":["XJ2023230036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XJ2023230036"]}]},{"name":"Opening Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Wideband Communication and Signal Processing","award":["GXKL06230203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GXKL06230203"]}]},{"name":"Opening Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Wideband Communication and Signal Processing","award":["62001062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62001062"]}]},{"name":"Opening Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Wideband Communication and Signal Processing","award":["62301408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62301408"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XJ2023230036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XJ2023230036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GXKL06230203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GXKL06230203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62001062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62001062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62301408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62301408"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the silent operation of the receiver station in a multistatic radar system, it is difficult for the jammer to generate the cooperative active deception target for the multistatic radar system. Making use of the spatial diversity property, a data level fusion method is proposed to counter the active deception jamming in this paper. According to the spatial correlation difference in physical target and active false target motion states, the deception velocity of the physical target, which is obtained by the radial velocity of each receiver, obeys the Gaussian distribution with zero mean, and the one of the active false target obeys the Gaussian distribution with the mean being its true deception velocity. Based on this fact, the active false target and physical target are discriminated by the deception velocity testing. The proposed deception velocity-based (DVB) method can keep a constant misjudgment probability for physical targets and discriminate active false targets effectively, especially in large deception velocity cases. The simulation verifies the feasibility and validity of the proposed discrimination method. Moreover, the proposed method can be combined with the location information association method to enhance the ability to discriminate the range\u2013velocity joint deception of false targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16020382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T03:50:56Z","timestamp":1705549856000},"page":"382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Deception Velocity-Based Method to Discriminate Physical Targets and Active False Targets in a Multistatic Radar System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8140-2762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Hangzhou 311200, China"}]},{"given":"Yumei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Hangzhou 311200, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4418-8960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Hangzhou 311200, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}]},{"given":"Linrang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2590-7704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhanye","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"},{"name":"Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3691-6470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"},{"name":"Purple Mountain Laboratory, Nanjing 211100, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1109\/7.395232","article-title":"A Survey of Radar ECM and ECCM","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"1995","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2003.1207279","article-title":"Digital Radio Frequency Memory Linear Range Gate Stealer Spectrum","volume":"39","author":"Berger","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, B., Qu, X., Yang, X., Li, W., and Zhang, Z. (2023). DRFM-Based Repeater Jamming Reconstruction and Cancellation Method with Accurate Edge Detection. Remote Sens., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15071759"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"974","article-title":"An overview of antijamming methods and future works on cognitive intelligent radar","volume":"11","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Radar"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ling, Q., Huang, P., Wang, D., Xu, H., Wang, L., Liu, X., Liao, G., and Sun, Y. (2023). Range Deception Jamming Performance Evaluation for Moving Targets in a Ground-Based Radar Network. Electronics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12071614"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanhere, O., Goyal, S., Beluri, M., and Rappaport, T.S. (2021, January 25\u201328). Target Localization Using Bistatic and Multistatic Radar with 5G NR Waveform. Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE 93rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Spring), Helsinki, Finland.","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2021-Spring51267.2021.9449071"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2022.3197647","article-title":"A Target Detection and Tracking Method for Multiple Radar Systems","volume":"60","author":"Bo","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Wei, P., Zhang, H., You, M., and Li, W. (2023). Direct Target Joint Detection and Tracking Based on Passive Multi-Static Radar. Remote Sens., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15030624"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2022.108780","article-title":"Localization and Tracking of Multiple Fast Moving Targets in Bistatic MIMO Radar","volume":"203","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, J., Gong, M., Nie, Z., Li, H., Liu, J., and Zhao, S. (2022). Subset Selection Strategies Based on Target Positioning Characteristics for Anti-Jamming Technology. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14246230"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2022.108641","article-title":"Joint Resource Optimization for a Distributed MIMO Radar When Tracking Multiple Targets in the Presence of Deception Jamming","volume":"200","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"516","article-title":"Research Advance on Cooperative Anti-Deception Jamming in Netted Radar","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Data Acquis. Process"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, R., Cheng, D., Qi, W., Xiang, L., and Jiang, Y. (2022, January 17\u201319). Research on Anti-Deceptive Jamming of Multi Station Fusion of Netted Radar. Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE 10th Joint International Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence Conference (ITAIC), Chongqing, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ITAIC54216.2022.9836463"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Identification Method of False-Targets in T\/R-R Bistatic Radar System","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Nationnal Univ. Def."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"454","article-title":"Tracking Technique for Radar Network in the Presence of Multi-Range-False-Target Deception Jamming","volume":"35","author":"Zhao","year":"2007","journal-title":"ACTA Electron. Sin."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"40","article-title":"Multi-range-false-target Jamming for Radar Network on Mutliple Disriminations","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Syst. Eng. Electron."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bo, L., Yao, S., and Zhou, C.-y. (2011, January 9\u201311). Study of Multistatic Radar against Velocity-Deception Jamming. Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Control (ICECC), Ningbo, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECC.2011.6066436"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rsn.2018.5158","article-title":"Joint Range\u2013Velocity Deception Jamming Suppression for SIMO Radar","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IET Radar Sonar & Navig."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"207","article-title":"Measurement Fusion Method against False-Target Jamming for Radar Network","volume":"43","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Univ. Electron. Sci. Technol. China"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, Y., Da, K., Yang, Y., and Fu, Q. (2021, January 14\u201317). Multiple Active False Target Suppression Based on Distributed GM-PHD Filter. Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS), Xi\u2019an, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCAIS52680.2021.9624532"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Da, K., Zhu, Y., and Fu, Q. (2021, January 26\u201328). Consensus-Based Distributed Target Tracking in the Presence of Active False Targets. Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things Engineering (ICBAIE), Nanchang, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICBAIE52039.2021.9389855"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1049\/rsn2.12371","article-title":"Consensus Based Target Tracking against Deception Jamming in Distributed Radar Networks","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IET Radar Sonar & Navig."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2005.862813","article-title":"Spatial Diversity in Radars\u2014Models and Detection Performance","volume":"54","author":"Fishler","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2010.07.004","article-title":"Target Spatial and Frequency Scattering Diversity Property for Diversity MIMO Radar","volume":"91","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Chernyak, V.S. (1996, January 8\u201310). Adaptive Mainlobe Jamming Cancellation and Target Detection in Multistatic Radar Systems. Proceedings of the International Radar Conference, Beijing, China."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, B., Cui, G., Zhang, S., Sheng, B., Kong, L., and Ran, D. (2016, January 2\u20136). Deceptive Jamming Suppression Based on Coherent Cancelling in Multistatic Radar System. Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf), Philadelphia, PA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/RADAR.2016.7485304"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rsn.2016.0540","article-title":"Discrimination between Radar Targets and Deception Jamming in Distributed Multiple-radar Architectures","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"IET Radar Sonar & Navig."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rsn.2014.0147","article-title":"Discrimination of Active False Targets in Multistatic Radar Using Spatial Scattering Properties","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"IET Radar Sonar & Navig."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71872","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2920365","article-title":"Discrimination of Active False Targets Based on Hermitian Distance for Distributed Multiple-Radar Architectures","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"2992","article-title":"Recognition of Deception Jamming Based on Statistical Correlation Difference in a Multistatic Radar System","volume":"42","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Electron. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2500","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2016.2516000","article-title":"Discrimination of Deception Targets in Multistatic Radar Based on Clustering Analysis","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1049\/sil2.12085","article-title":"An Anti-jamming Method in Multistatic Radar System Based on Convolutional Neural Network","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IET Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2009.5259181","article-title":"GPS-Based Time & Phase Synchronization Processing for Distributed SAR","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7902","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2022.3149057","article-title":"Suppression of Deception-False-Target Jamming for Active\/Passive Netted Radar Based on Position Error","volume":"22","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krishnamoorthy, K. (2016). Handbook of Statistical Distributions with Applications, CRC Press. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1201\/b19191"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Curry, G.R. (2005). Radar System Performance Modeling, Artech House Radar Library: Artech House. [2nd ed.]."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/2\/382\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:49:14Z","timestamp":1760104154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/2\/382"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["rs16020382"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs16020382","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]}}}