{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T12:49:11Z","timestamp":1768481351276,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41971372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41971372"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022B1515130001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B1515130001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["311022009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["311022009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["41971372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41971372"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["2022B1515130001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B1515130001"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["311022009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["311022009"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","award":["41971372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41971372"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","award":["2022B1515130001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B1515130001"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","award":["311022009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["311022009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Urban agglomerations are becoming increasingly important in driving economic development in China. Accurate representation of the economic development status and spillover effects of cities within an urban agglomeration is the foundation of and an effective approach for promoting the coordinated development of that agglomeration. However, current studies of economic spillovers tend to focus on urban agglomerations as a whole, and there is a lack of scrutiny and validation of research data. Therefore, this study proposes a framework for detecting economic spillover effects within an urban agglomeration based on a prolonged night-time light dataset. Firstly, we explored the most suitable night-time light index to characterize the economic status. Then, we used this index to construct the economic network and hierarchical structure of the urban agglomeration. Finally, we explored the heterogeneity of spillover effects under the hierarchical structure. The results of a case study in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) urban agglomeration show that (1) the total night-time light in built-up areas (BNTL) has the highest Pearson correlation coefficient with GDP, which is 0.82; (2) there is an obvious hierarchical structure within the PRD; (3) there are significant and sustained economic spillover effects among the core cities, with Guangzhou\u2013Foshan and Shenzhen\u2013Dongguan having more obvious spillover effects; and (4) the economic spillover effects within the three metropolitan areas have different characteristics. The Guangzhou\u2013Foshan\u2013Zhaoqing metropolitan area is closely linked, to apparent differences in the pace of spillover effects. The Shenzhen\u2013Dongguan\u2013Huizhou metropolitan area has strong close linkages, with strong synchronization of spillover effects. The Zhuhai\u2013Zhongshan\u2013Jiangmen metropolitan area has not yet formed a stable synergistic development relationship. Overall, the framework can effectively reveal the hierarchical structure and different characteristics of economic spillovers within urban agglomerations, which can provide a scientific reference for policy making related to the coordinated development of such agglomerations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16020394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T03:33:41Z","timestamp":1705635221000},"page":"394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Estimation of Economic Spillover Effects under the Hierarchical Structure of Urban Agglomeration Based on Time-Series Night-Time Lights: A Case Study of the Pearl River Delta, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Han","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-Simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Public Security and Disaster, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8294-0746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiyan","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-Simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Public Security and Disaster, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8780-7944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Zhuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-Simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Public Security and Disaster, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China"}]},{"given":"Qingli","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-Simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Public Security and Disaster, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}]},{"given":"Siying","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-Simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Public Security and Disaster, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.117923","article-title":"Globalization and the shifting centers of gravity of world\u2019s human dynamics: Implications for sustainability","volume":"239","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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