{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T15:14:01Z","timestamp":1781622841463,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,20]],"date-time":"2024-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42275060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42275060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021JJ10048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ10048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CX20220046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20220046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hunan Outstanding Youth Fund Project","award":["42275060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42275060"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Outstanding Youth Fund Project","award":["2021JJ10048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ10048"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Outstanding Youth Fund Project","award":["CX20220046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20220046"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province","award":["42275060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42275060"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province","award":["2021JJ10048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ10048"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province","award":["CX20220046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20220046"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As an important means of in situ detection in near space, meteorological rockets can provide a high-precision distribution analysis of atmospheric elements. However, there are currently few studies on the principles of meteorological-rocket detection and the application of rocket-sounding data. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap by providing a detailed introduction to the detection principle of a meteorological rocket launched in the East China Sea in November 2022. Moreover, empirical models, satellite data, and reanalysis data were selected for comparison and verification with the rocket-sounding data. Furthermore, the accuracy of these widely used datasets was studied based on the rocket-sounding data in the near space over the East China Sea. Additionally, gravity-wave power\u2013frequency spectra were extracted using the maximum entropy method from both the rocket-sounding data and the remote-sensing data. Furthermore, the relationship between gravity waves and Kelvin\u2013Helmholtz instability (KHI) was investigated by analyzing the gravity-wave energy and the Richardson number. The research findings indicate that among the remote-sensing data describing the atmospheric environment over the launch site, the COSMIC occultation data is more accurate compared with the SABER data. The wind-field distribution derived from rocket detection is consistent with the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalysis data, while also providing a more detailed description of the wind field. The main wavelengths of gravity waves extracted from rocket-sounding data are consistently smaller than those obtained from satellite remote-sensing data, indicating that rocket sounding is capable of capturing more intricate structures of gravity waves. The good correspondence between the peaks of gravity-wave energy and the regions where KHI occurs indicates that there is a strong interaction between gravity waves and KHI in the middle atmosphere.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16020402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T06:49:31Z","timestamp":1705906171000},"page":"402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Analysis of Atmospheric Elements in Near Space Based on Meteorological-Rocket Soundings over the East China Sea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yuyang","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0025-3193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongze","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"199601","article-title":"Comprehensive assessment of the accuracy of the data from near space meteorological rocket sounding","volume":"62","author":"Fan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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