{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:37:41Z","timestamp":1760143061407,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]],"date-time":"2024-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CAS International Talent Program for 2023 International Visiting Scholar","award":["2023VMB0006","U2106211","FFUF-2024-0033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023VMB0006","U2106211","FFUF-2024-0033"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023VMB0006","U2106211","FFUF-2024-0033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023VMB0006","U2106211","FFUF-2024-0033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"State assignment","award":["2023VMB0006","U2106211","FFUF-2024-0033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023VMB0006","U2106211","FFUF-2024-0033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To obtain new information about surface waves, it is proposed to use an underwater acoustic wave gauge, and an assessment of its effectiveness can be performed using a numerical simulation and field experiment. A new device, an underwater acoustic wave gauge named \u201cKalmar\u201d, was developed by the Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences for long-term, all-weather monitoring of wind waves. The instrument uses ultrasound to probe the water surface from underwater and can be used to verify remote sensing data. In this work, the capabilities of the device are tested and compared with ADCP data. Two independent methods for processing underwater acoustic wave gauge data are discussed and compared. One of them is completely new for acoustic measurements and is based on the analysis of the shape of the reflected acoustic pulse averaged over space and time. The other allows processing individual reflected pulses and calculating the time implementation of the distance to the water surface. It is shown that two independent methods of significant wave height retrieval from the acoustic wave gauge measurements are highly correlated. The \u201cKalmar\u201d acoustic wave gauge and the RDI WH-600 acoustic Doppler current profiler operated simultaneously at the test site in Gelendzhik from 1 February to 10 February 2020. The significant wave heights measured by the two instruments are in good agreement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16020418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T06:49:31Z","timestamp":1705906171000},"page":"418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Preliminary Performance Assessment of the Wave Parameter Retrieval Algorithm from the Average Reflected Pulse"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7762-7731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuriy","family":"Titchenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8767-8874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guo","family":"Jie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4054-4905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Karaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia"}]},{"given":"Kirill","family":"Ponur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Ryabkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Baranov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Ocherednik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1531-5262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yijun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barale, V., Gower, J.F., and Alberotanza, L. 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