{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:27:32Z","timestamp":1772252852681,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42074004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42074004"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["ZDJ2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDJ2022"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022xjkk0600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022xjkk0600"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2019QZKK0904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0904"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["20220102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220102"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China","award":["42074004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42074004"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China","award":["ZDJ2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDJ2022"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China","award":["2022xjkk0600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022xjkk0600"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China","award":["2019QZKK0904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0904"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China","award":["20220102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220102"]}]},{"name":"Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition and Research Program","award":["42074004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42074004"]}]},{"name":"Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition and Research Program","award":["ZDJ2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDJ2022"]}]},{"name":"Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition and Research Program","award":["2022xjkk0600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022xjkk0600"]}]},{"name":"Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition and Research Program","award":["2019QZKK0904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0904"]}]},{"name":"Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition and Research Program","award":["20220102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220102"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)","award":["42074004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42074004"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)","award":["ZDJ2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDJ2022"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)","award":["2022xjkk0600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022xjkk0600"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)","award":["2019QZKK0904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0904"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)","award":["20220102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220102"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Spatial Information Engineering","award":["42074004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42074004"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Spatial Information Engineering","award":["ZDJ2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDJ2022"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Spatial Information Engineering","award":["2022xjkk0600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022xjkk0600"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Spatial Information Engineering","award":["2019QZKK0904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0904"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Spatial Information Engineering","award":["20220102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Land subsidence, resulting from natural or human activities, is a global environmental geological disaster. The Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time-series analysis technique offers high spatial and continuous temporal resolution, providing data and a foundation for investigating regional land subsidence and its evolution mechanism. Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA) has experienced uneven land subsidence since 1935, together with severe fissures significantly affecting its normal operations. In this study, the time-series InSAR method was successfully applied to monitor the gradual increase in uneven local subsidence and ground fissures activity at BCIA from June 2003 to March 2023. Initially, ENVISAT-ASAR, Cosmo-SkyMed, and Sentinel-1 data were processed by time-series InSAR techniques to generate deformation rate maps and time series for the airport area. Subsequently, a comparison was made between the displacement time series from InSAR and ground leveling measurements to assess the accuracy of InSAR-derived measurements. Through a comprehensive analysis of the distribution characteristics of land subsidence at the airport, a long-standing ground fault was located within the airport was identified. A preliminary discussion on the development status of this ground fissure was carried out based on the visual interpretation of optical images. Lastly, the inducing factors and evolutionary conditions of land subsidence were discussed. This case demonstrates the applicability of InSAR technology in identifying and monitoring geological processes such as land subsidence and ground fissure activities. It provides a scientific approach to exploring and studying the causes and formation mechanisms of land subsidence and ground fissures in the Beijing Capital Airport area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16030445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T04:54:01Z","timestamp":1706072041000},"page":"445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Long-Term SAR Data Analysis for Subsidence Monitoring and Correlation Study at Beijing Capital Airport"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7726-1936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yueze","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, 29 Xueyuan Lu, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Surveying and Mapping, 15 Yangfangdian Lu, Beijing 100080, China"}]},{"given":"Junhuan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, 29 Xueyuan Lu, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Chuyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Surveying and Mapping, 15 Yangfangdian Lu, Beijing 100080, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9671-2736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Power China Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited, 16 Xiangzhang East Road, Changsha 410014, China"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, 29 Xueyuan Lu, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Surveying and Mapping, 15 Yangfangdian Lu, Beijing 100080, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13081521","article-title":"Detecting and Analyzing the Evolution of Subsidence Due to Coal Fires in Jharia Coalfield, India Using Sentinel-1 SAR Data","volume":"13","author":"Kuenzer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14782","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33128-0","article-title":"Modeling the two- and three-dimensional displacement field in Lorca, Spain, subsidence and the global implications","volume":"8","author":"Fernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. 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