{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T19:35:41Z","timestamp":1774121741140,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ARTEMIS project","award":["PID2021-124253OB-I00 MINECO\/FEDER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-124253OB-I00 MINECO\/FEDER"]}]},{"name":"Water Research Institute (IdRA) of the University of Barcelona","award":["PID2021-124253OB-I00 MINECO\/FEDER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-124253OB-I00 MINECO\/FEDER"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the last decade, substantial improvements have been achieved in quantitative satellite precipitation estimates, which are essential for a wide range of applications. In this study, we evaluated the performance of Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG V06B) at the sub-daily and daily scales. Ten years of half-hourly precipitation records aggregated at different sub-daily periods were evaluated over a region in the Western Mediterranean. The analysis at the half-hourly scale examined the contribution of passive microwave (PMW) and infrared (IR) sources in IMERG estimates, as well as the relationship between various microphysical cloud properties using Cloud Microphysics (CMIC\u2013NWC SAF) data. The results show the following: (1) a marked tendency to underestimate precipitation compared to rain gauges which increases with rainfall intensity and temporal resolution, (2) a weaker negative bias for retrievals with PMW data, (3) an increased bias when filling PMW gaps by including IR information, and (4) an improved performance in the presence of precipitating ice clouds compared to warm and mixed-phase clouds. This work contributes to the understanding of the factors affecting satellite estimates of extreme precipitation. Their relationship with the microphysical characteristics of clouds generates added value for further downstream applications and users\u2019 decision making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16030457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T06:54:12Z","timestamp":1706165652000},"page":"457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Disentangling Satellite Precipitation Estimate Errors of Heavy Rainfall at the Daily and Sub-Daily Scales in the Western Mediterranean"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4381-4875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Pein\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Applied Physics\u2014Meteorology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3597-7439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan","family":"Bech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Applied Physics\u2014Meteorology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Water Research Institute, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8024-3293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mireia","family":"Udina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Applied Physics\u2014Meteorology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8900-4590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesc","family":"Polls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Applied Physics\u2014Meteorology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2021.105521","article-title":"Climatology and Ranking of Hazardous Precipitation Events in the Western Mediterranean Area","volume":"255","author":"Llasat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. 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